摘要
本文着重考察"怎么"类特指反问句表示否定意义的现象。文章指出这类反问句的否定意义的形成机制是:上下文和交际情境暗示或明示了该语境中VP所表示的行为是不可能的或不合理的,说话人说出反问句,其目的不是进行具体的询问,而是明知故问,故意对语境中跟该行为相关的方式、原因或理由进行质疑和怀疑,在"疑有信无"之类怀疑原则的指导下,最终使得这类反问句涌现出否定意义(即"不可能/不应该VP")。同时,文章还揭示了听话人在识解这类反问句的意义时,会在语用上的合作原则及相关准则的指引下,通过语境的指示作用推导出说话人是对该语境中VP所表示的行为的可能性或合理性进行质疑和怀疑,进而能够顺利地识解其中的否定意义。
This paper mainly discusses the phenomenon in which the zenme(怎么)-rhetorical question conveys negative meanings.The formation mechanism of its negative meaning can be explained as follows.The context suggests or expresses that the action related to VP in the context is impossible or unreasonable;the rhetorical question is used by the speaker not to inquire but to intentionally question and doubt the relative manners or reasons.Under the guidance of the principle of"doubting yes and believing no",the negative meaning of zenme-rhetorical question emerges.Meanwhile,in the given context,the hearer can infer that the speaker is doubtful of the reasonability and possibility of VP and can thus understand its negative meaning with the direction of both the cooperative principle and the maxim of relevance.
作者
刘彬
袁毓林
Liu Bin;Yuan Yulin
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期42-51,共10页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究"(18JJD740003)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M642876)的资助
关键词
“怎么”类特指反问句
否定意义
语境压制
“疑有信无”
合作原则
zenme-rhetorical question
negative meaning
context coercion
"doubting yes and believing no"
cooperative principle
作者简介
刘彬,男,江西吉安人,北京大学博士,现为华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心讲师,研究方向为句法学、语义学、语用学及心理语言学等。电邮:liubin198903@126.com。
