摘要
基于2010年第三期全国妇女地位调查数据的研究发现,中国男女两性的性别观念处于传统与现代的过渡状态,但女性的性别观念总体上更趋现代,越年轻者性别观念越趋向于现代;男性的性别观念更偏传统,且在不同年龄群体间表现出高度的一致性与稳定性。性别观念的形塑源自三类地位实践:先赋地位、自致地位和夫妻间性别地位,自致地位的作用更为重要。两性性别观念因夫妻间性别地位的不同而有差异。对于女性而言,婚前家庭经济地位越高、家庭经济贡献比丈夫大、至少有与丈夫相仿的职业地位、家庭权力方面至少与丈夫相仿甚至比丈夫高者,性别观念表现出更趋向现代的特征。作用于两性性别观念的机制有所不同,对女性而言,通过自身努力获得的受教育机会、职业与政治身份更能促进其现代性别观念的形成;对男性而言,夫妻间平等承担家务更能促进其现代性别观念的形成。
Using data from the Third Survey of Women's Social Status in China in 2010, our research finds that the gender attitudes of both men and women are in transition from tradition to modernity.Overall,women's gender attitudes tend to be more modern,and the younger they are,the more modern are their attitudes.Men tend to have more traditional gender attitudes,and these are highly consistent and stable across different age groups.The shaping force of gender attitudes comes from three kinds of status practice:ascribed status,achieved status and gender status between husband and wife.Of these,achieved status plays the most important role.The gender attitudes of men and women diverge due to different gender status of husbands and wives.A woman's gender attitudes show more modern features if she has higher economic status before marriage,makes a greater economic contribution to the family than her husband,enjoys an occupational status that is at least comparable to her husband's,and has an equal or greater share of power in the family compared to her husband.The mechanisms affecting gender attitudes are different.For women,the acquisition through their own efforts of educational opportunities,occupations andpolitical identity contribute more to the formation of modern gender attitudes;for men,sharing the housework equally with their wives contributes more to the formation of modern gender attitudes.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期116-129,206-207,共14页
Social Sciences in China
基金
2011年全国社会科学基金重大项目“第三期全国妇女地位调查”(项目编号10@ZH020)
2010年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“女性高层次人才成长规律及发展对策研究”(10JZD0045-1)成果
作者简介
刘爱玉，北京大学社会学系教授、北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心研究员（北京100871）；
