摘要
中国传统木构建筑研究中错综复杂的词汇在转译成外文文献时,造成了大量的误解,尤其斜拱的构造及演变方面。本文试图提出必要的学术命名及适当的方法来理解中国传统木构建筑中令人费解的斜向出棋的现象。与中国学者相比,本文以横棋斜置的斗棋类型为切入点,更注重斗棋设计概念的分析而非针对各历史时期斜棋的演变进行研究。文章分析了和墙面成锐角或钝角的单个棋构件特征以及其在单朵斗棋中或紧密排列的斗棋组织网格中所起的作用。笔者推荐使用"扇式斗拱"作为"fan-shapedbracket set"合适且必须的中文译法,"扇式斗拱"是明清时期和如意斗棋同时存在的使用斜棋的第二个设计概念。讨论基于笔者广泛研究现存山西斜拱的华丽特征以及从形成时期辽代、北宋、金代至明清繁荣时期的使用状况。虽然在官式做法中未明确提及,但以"扇式斗棋"、"如意斗棋"及其混合形式出现的斜棋已成为几世纪以来山西地域建筑最典型的特征之一。
Different theories of translation in the 20tn and 21St centuries caused considerable damage and confusion when paraphrasing the original terminology into secondary languages. The paper introduces the necessary nomenclature and appropriate methodology for understanding the puzzling phenomenon of angular bracketing in traditional Chinese timber architecture. In contrast to traditional Chinese scholarship, the paper emphasizes the angle of design for horizontally leveled, angled bracket-arms rather than the affiliation with a specific time period anddevelopment as a characteristic feature of a certain dynasty. It analyzes the nature of individual bracket- arms that project at an acute or obtuse angle to the wall plane and their role within the organic unit of a complex bracket set or the tightly-spaced bracketing of a grid-like system. It establishes the technical term ＂shanshi dougong＂ as the appropriate and much needed Chinese translation for the English phrase ＂fan-shaped bracket set＂ , i.e. the second important design concept with genuine xiegong that coexisted together with ruyi dougong during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The discussion is based on the author＇ s comprehensive study of these eye-catching features and their application in present-day Shanxi province from the formative periods in the Liao, Northern Song, and Jin dynasties to their flourishing in late imperial China. Although not explicitly mentioned in the official, pre-modern building manuals, angular bracketing in the form of shanshi dougong, ruyi dougong, or their hybrid forms became one of the most typical features in Shanxi＇ s regional architecture throughout the centuries.
出处
《古建园林技术》
2012年第2期11-18,共8页
Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens
关键词
斜棋的类型分法
英文术语的中文译法
“扇式斗棋”
如意斗棋
Nomenclature and classificationof angled bracket-arms, Chinese translationof English technical terminology, ＂shanshidougong＂ , ruyi dougong
