摘要
目的:探讨诱发妇女罹患乳腺癌的危险因素。方法:对256例诊断为乳腺癌,年龄在23～54岁之间的妇女,经五家参研医院及2家病例支援医院病理证实乳腺癌者,进行"乳腺癌的钼靶与病理诊断符合率及相关因素多中心研究"调查表的问卷调查。结果:乳腺钼靶X线机诊断乳腺癌或高度疑为恶变者,后经病理证实的256例妇女进行问卷调查,进行分析统计,列出十大项主要因素作为研究与乳腺癌发病可能有关的关系:(1)家族史;(2)婚姻与生育;(3)生殖因素;(4)哺乳;(5)月经紊乱;(6)甲亢;(7)口服避孕药;(8)生活习惯;(9)长期穿戴胸衣紧缩;(10)压抑感情或冲动性格。结论:家庭成员中(母亲、姐妹)有患乳腺癌的妇女其发病率较一般高。未婚未育或已婚未育的妇女患乳腺癌的比例要高。女性月经初潮越早、闭经越晚,乳腺癌的危险性越高。发现乳腺癌中只有92例有哺乳经验,占36(,认为哺乳可以降低卵巢功能;反之,升高会增加患乳癌的风险。月经紊乱,反映妇女内分泌失衡,也算风险之一。"甲亢"认为是激素水平异常,也是致乳腺癌的危险因素。口服避孕药与乳腺癌关系比较复杂,在256例乳腺癌患者中,有230例服用过此药,占90%。不良的生活习惯,也是致乳腺癌的因素。长期穿戴紧缩胸衣,影响乳房血液、淋巴循环,至营养及"排毒"受阻,也是易患乳腺癌的因素。精神因素将直接影响健康与否,这是不容置疑的事实,乳腺癌也不能例外。
Objectives： To study the risk factors for breast cancers. Materials and Methods： Two hundred and fifty six cases of female patients between 23 - 54 years old were diagnosed with breast cancer in five research hospitals and two case - supported hospitals. They were administered with questionnaire surveys of coincidence rate of breast cancer diagnosis between mammography and pathology and multi - center study of related factors. Results： Diagnosed as breast cancers by mammography X - ray machine or with highly suspected malignant changes, 256 cases were later pathologically confirmed and surveyed with questionnaires. Through statistical analysis, ten major factors were listed as factors related with breast cancers. （ 1 ） family history; （2） marriage and fertility; （3） reproductive factors; （4） breast-feeding; （5） menstrual disorders; （6） hyperthyroidism; （7） oral contraceptives; （8） life habits; （9） long -time wearing of tight clothes or bras; （10） suppression of emotion or impulsive personality. Conclusion： The women whose family members （mother, sister） were diagnosed with breast cancer had a higher risk of having breast cancer . The unmarried or married women who haven＇ t bear children may have a higher chance of suffering from breast cancer. The women with earlier menarche and late amenorrhea had higher risks of breast cancers. Only 92 cases of the surveyed patients reported to have given breast - feeding, accounting for 36% of the total surveyed patients. It is believed that breastfeeding can reduce the ovarian function, whereas the higher ovarian function will increase the risks of breast cancers. Menstrual disorders, reflecting the women＇ s endocrine imbalance, may also be considered as one of the risks. ＂Hyperthyroidism＂, abnormal hormone levels can also be counted as one risk factor of breast cancers. The relationship between oral contraceptives and breast cancer is more complex. Among 256 cases of breast cancer patients, there are over 230 cases taking the contraceptives, accounting for 90%. Unhealthy life habit is another factor contributing to breast cancer. Breast cancer can also be caused by long - time wearing of tight clothes or bras, which interferes with lymph and blood circulation of breasts and blocks their nutrition and ＂detoxifying＂. It is an indisputable fact that mental factors will directly affect their health, possibly leading to breast cancer.
出处
《中国性科学》
2010年第4期16-18,共3页
Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality
基金
广东省计生委"乳腺癌的钼靶与病理诊断符合率及相关因素多中心研究"项目
关键词
乳腺癌
易患因素
女性
breast cancers
risk factors
women
作者简介
何文山（1960-），男，广东兴宁人，副主任医师，主要从事生殖健康及医学影像诊断工作。
