摘要
波兰小浆果育种主要在波兰果树和花卉研究所进行。育种目标主要是培育果实品质佳、适应当地气候和土壤条件、对流行的病虫害具有可以接受的抵抗能力、适合鲜食和适宜不同形式加工、抗寒力强并且具有很强的花期抗霜害能力的优良品种。为了扩大遗传基础,最近已经开始了种间杂交工作,并已培育出很多的优良品种。黑穗醋栗品种有"Bona","Ceres","Ores","Ruben","Tiben","Tines"和"Tisel";醋栗品种有"Hin-sel"和"Resika";红树莓品种有"Benefis","Beskid","Laszka","Nawojka","Pokusa","Polana","Polesie","Polka"和"Poranna Rosa";黑莓品种有"Gazda"and"Orkan";草莓品种有"Aga","Astra","Dukat","Elkat","Elsar-iusz","Era","Fara","Feriusz","Filon","Filut", Hokent","Marduk","Panon",Salut",Segal","Selvik"and"Vikat"。这些品种显示出很强的市场前景并且在生产中的使用面积逐年增加。
Polish small fruit breeding program is conducted mainly at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, and the institute is the big center of fruit breeding in Poland. Activities in this area include genetic and methodological studies as well as development of new cultivars. Directed crosses are the main tools in executing the breeding program. Primary objectives considered for each crop are high fruit quality, adaptation to local climatic and soil conditions and acceptable levels of resistance to prevailing pests. Attempts are being made to develop cuhivars destined for fresh fruit consumption as well as those suitable for different forms of fruit processing. Adequate methods for fruit evaluation for each of the above mentioned lines of work are being adapted. Newly released cultivars are exPected to possess a high level of winter hardiness combined with sufficient spring frost resistance of flowers. They are also expected to be well suited to modern fruit production technologies. An important objective of our breeding activities is to ensure that new cuhivars have sufficient levels of resistance to serious diseases and, if possible, also to insect pests. For blackcurrants, the resistance breeding program includes foliar diseases, blackcurrant reversion virus BRV （Previous called Blackcurrant Reversion Associated Virus-BRAV） and gall mite （ Cecidophyopsis ribis ）. To broaden the genetic basis for selection for pest resistance, interspecific crosses have recently been undertaken. Selection of resistant seedlings is made more efficient by artificial inoculation of the hybrid progenies. The breeding program has so far resulted in the release of many new cuhivars; blackcurrants： ＂Bona＂, ＂Ceres＂, ＂Ores＂, ＂Ruben＂, ＂Tiben＂, ＂Tines＂ and ＂Tisel＂; gooseberry ： ＂Hinsel＂ and ＂Resika＂ ; red raspberry ： ＂Benefis＂, ＂Beskid＂, ＂Laszka＂, ＂Nawojka＂, ＂Pokusa＂, ＂Polana＂, ＂Polesie＂, ＂Polka＂ and ＂Poranna Rosa＂ ; blackberry ： ＂Gazda＂ and ＂Orkan＂ ; strawberry： ＂Aga＂, ＂Astra＂, ＂Dukat＂, ＂Elkat＂, ＂Elsariusz＂, ＂Era＂, ＂Fara＂, ＂Feriusz＂, ＂Filon＂, ＂Filut＂,＂Hokent＂, ＂Marduk＂, ＂Panon＂, Salut＂, Segal＂, ＂Selvik＂ and ＂Vikat＂. Those cuhivars enjoy a considerable market interest and their part of the total small fruit production increases continuously.
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第5期486-491,共6页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
关键词
黑穗醋栗
树莓
草莓
醋栗
育种
blackcurrant （ Ribes nigrum ）
raspberry （ Ribes grossularia ）
strawberry （ Rubus idaeus ）
gooseberry（ Rubus fruticosus ）
breeding
作者简介
Biography： Zurawicz E., Male, Scientist in fruit breeding.
