摘要
专有名词变异是语言交际过程中，语用者巧妙地打破专名的常规用法，以实现特定目的的一种特殊表达方式。本文以现存于各类英语文体中的专有名词为语料，从认知角度探讨了其变异的本质及理解模式。研究发现，专名变异的实质是以专名的指称义为原型，借助语用者的心理联想，使其特定联想义在语言表达上的反映。变异专名的理解则是基于变异的相似和相关性不断寻找和建立最大关联的动态过程，认知理解的难易取决于语境的信息含量及认知主体自身已有的知识储存。
The deviation of proper nouns refers to the temporary and dynamic violation of certain existed norms of proper nouns in speech or writing for the achievement of some purposes. This paper presents a cognitive study on PN deviations mainly in terms of deep nature and understanding mode, with the purpose of further improving the cognitive abilities for the deviational phenomenon. Through the present study, the following conclusions are reached： PN deviation, in nature, is the linguistic reflection of the associative meanings of proper nouns achieved through the language user＇ s mental associations on the basis of the referential meanings. Meanwhile, PN deviation shows characteristics of contiguity and resemblance, which provide the cognitive basis for the understanding. That is, the understanding of PN deviation, based on resemblance and contiguity, is a dynamic process of constantly looking for and establishing the maximal relevance between deviation and context, and the ease of understanding depends on the sufficiency of the contextual information on one hand and the knowledge storage of the audience on the other.
基金
本文是徐州师范大学2007年度研究生科研课题立项项目“英语专有名词变异的语用认知研究”研究成果之一,项目批准号：07YW046.
关键词
专有名词
变异本质
理解模式
Deviations of proper nouns
Deviated nature
Understanding mode
作者简介
张成国（1980-），男，山东淄博人，硕士。研究方向：英语词汇、英汉翻译及商务英语研究。李开荣，男，徐州师范大学外国语学院教授，硕士研究生导师。研究方向：英语词汇及翻译的认知研究。
