摘要
细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是机体正常细胞在受到生理和病理性刺激后出现的一种自发的死亡过程,是一个主动、高度有序、基因控制及一系列酶参与的过程。细胞凋亡在保证多细胞生物健康生存过程中扮演着关键角色,对个体的正常发育具有重要作用。它在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有着重要的意义。机体在产生新生细胞的同时,衰老和突变的细胞通过凋亡机制而被清除,使器官和组织得以正常地发育和代谢。细胞凋亡发生异常会导致疾病的发生,如肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、病毒感染和神经退化性疾病等。由于细胞凋亡的重要意义,它在生物进化过程中不但得到了保留,而且从简单的多细胞生物线虫,到高度进化的人类,细胞凋亡机制随着生物的进化得到了发展和完善。本文概述了细胞凋亡的特征、分子机制、信号途径、检测方法及生物学意义。
Apoptosis is a spontaneous cell - suicide process triggered in response to physiological and pathological stress stimuli. It is an initiative, tightly regulated and gene controlled process involved in the participation of a series of enzymes. Apoptosis plays a key role in the tissue differentiation, organ development and individual homeostasis in multicellular organisms by eliminating redundant, damaged or infected cells. Apoptosis is associated with diseases. Derangement of apoptosis results in diseases such as cancer, auto -immunity, viral infections and neurodegenerative disease. Apoptosis exists ubiquitously in multicellular organisms and evolves into highly-odered process. This review focused on the characteristics, molecular mechanisms, detection methods, signal pathways, and biological significance of apoptosis.
出处
《世界科技研究与发展》
CSCD
2007年第3期45-53,共9页
World Sci-Tech R&D
作者简介
马欣荣,通讯作者：Tel：028-85252387;E-mail：maxr@cib.ac.cn
