摘要
本文借鉴格语法、配价语法以及论元理论等现代语言学的理论或方法,探讨汉语中介词的隐现及介词省略时的功能替换手段问题.研究发现:标识主体论元和客体论元的介词一般不能省略.状况论元在句中处于状语或补语位置上时,介词一般不能省略.可以省略介词的情况有:标识客事论元的介词"对、对于"可以省略;状况论元通过话题化或述题化等手段变换话题或宾语的位置上时,介词一般要省略;数量论元一般不用介词标识;标识时间论元的介词往往可以省略;框式介词的前项一般可以省略.介词省略后,论元角色仍能够清晰地表现出来,原因在于采用了其他的手段,以补偿介词的标识功能:表示时间和数量的词语本身含有较为固定的论元角色,因此时间论元和数量论元一般不用介词标识.标识处所、源点、终点、时间、原因/目的等论元的框式介词中的前项省略后,框式介词的标识功能就全部转移到了后项上.
This paper discusses the emergence and omission of prepositions and the substitutions of hidden Chinese prepositions by using Case grammar, Valence grammar and Argument theory. Generally speaking, prepositions in Chinese that mark nominative and accusative arguments cannot be omitted. Prepositions that mark situation arguments in the adverbial position cannot be omitted. Prepositions that can be omitted include: 'Dui' and 'Duiyu' that mark target argument; prepositions that mark nominative and accusative argument (in the topic or object position); prepositions that mark time and quantity argument; former items of frame prepositions. In order to make up the marking function of the omitted prepositions, two substitution approaches are adopted. Time words and quantity words contain relatively fixed argument roles. As for frame prepositions, when the former items are omitted, the marking function of frame prepositions is shifted to the latter items. Therefore, there exist relatively strict regulations in the emergence and omission of Chinese prepositions.
出处
《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》
2005年第4期27-32,共6页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)
