摘要
目的:颈部损伤是与高性能战斗机飞行员密切相关的问题。通过对飞行员在飞行中发生颈部损伤的发生率、发生机制和防护方法进行综述和分析,寻求目前公认的、有效的和可行的能减少加速度致高性能战斗飞行员颈部损伤的方法。资料来源:通过计算机检索Medline1980-01/2004-03和Embase1980-01/2004-03期间的英文文献,检索词为pilot/aviation,acceler-ation,highperformanceaircraft,neck/cervicalinjury,另一些文章和资料通过手工检索中文杂志和专著。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取该领域的研究原著,查找全文。资料提炼:共收集到42篇关于空军飞行员在军事飞行中发生颈部损伤的发生率、发生机制和防护方法方面的文章。资料综合:通过分析和综述加速度引起飞行员颈部损伤的发生率、发生机制和防护方法,发现通过颈肌训练的飞行员和能在空战动作中正确运用颈肌保持头部姿态的飞行员能减少颈部损伤。结论:军事飞行和飞行训练中因加速度引起颈部损伤在所难免,保护头盔、头盔显示装置和供氧装具的重量加重了这方面的问题,为了最大限度地发挥飞机的性能,并减少加速致颈部损伤,应鼓励飞行员加强地面颈肌强度训练和掌握保持头部的正确姿态的技术。
OBJECTIVE:Neck injuries are significantly concerned with aviators of high per formance aircraft.To find the generally accepted,effective and practicable meth ods that can reduce acceleration induced pilot cervical injuries caused by high performance aircraft by reviewing and analyzing the incidence,mechanism and pr otective methods of cervical injury happening during sustained operations of mil itary aviation. DATA SOURCES:The relevant studies were searched for from the articles in the M edline between January 1980 and March 2004 and those in the Embase between Janua ry 1980 and March 2004 using the keywords of “pilot/aviation,acceleration,high performance aircraft,neck/cervical injury',with language of the articles limite d to English.Meanwhile a manual search of relevant journals and monographs was p erformed for the articles and data published in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION:After primary examination of the data,the original articles in this field were selected to look up the full texts. DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 42 articles were collected about the incidence,mechani sm and protective methods of pilot cervical injury happening during military avi ation. DATA SYNTHESIS:After the incidence,mechanism and protective methods of the acc eleration induced cervical injury of pilots were analyzed and reviewed,it was f ound that the pilots who did neck strengthening exercise and those who correctly used neck muscles to keep their heads at a proper position during air combat ma neuvering could effectively reduce neck injuries. CONCLUSION:The acceleration induced cervical injury in high performance pilot s is inevitable sometimes during air combat maneuvering.The weight of protective headgear,advanced helmet mounted displays and oxygen supply equipment further exacerbates such problems.To maximize in flight performance and minimize accele ration reduced neck injury,pilots should be encouraged to perform on land musc le strengthening exercise and in flight head positioning techniques.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第12期204-206,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
