摘要
城市居民家庭用水的能源消耗是水系统终端消费环节能源消耗的一个重要组成部分,本文通过典型测试和问卷抽样调查,对全国9个城市的家庭用水能耗强度进行了估算,并分析了影响家庭用水能耗强度的环境因素、家庭自身因素和设备技术因素。研究结果表明,各研究区域的用水能耗强度介于(11.04~20.78)k Wh/m3之间;大部分研究区域冬季能耗强度显著大于夏季。气温是影响家庭用水能耗强度的主要环境因素,气温越高,室内温度和出水温度越高,家庭用水能耗强度越低。家庭自身因素方面,收入水平、水费支出占家庭收入比例、洗浴频率、家庭节水行为数量与家庭用水能耗强度呈负相关;人均日用水量、洗浴温度与用水能耗强度呈正相关;平房的用水能耗强度小于楼房。设备技术因素方面,电水壶个数、洗衣机已使用年数与用水能耗强度呈正相关,洗衣机能效等级与用水能耗强度呈负相关。
The energy consumption of urban household water use is an important part of energy use of the end-use water segment system. Considering natural and constructional environments,nine cities located in different thermal partitions of China were studied here. Through experiments and questionnaires of household water use energy consumption,we estimate energy intensity of household water use in each study area,and analyze the environmental,family-related and equipment and technical factors affecting energy intensity. Results show that the energy intensities of household water use in each city are between 11.04 k Wh/m3 and 20.78 k Wh/m3. For most of the study area,the energy intensity in winter is significantly greater than summer. Air temperature is the main factor that affects the energy intensity of household water use. By affecting indoor temperature and water temperature,rising air temperature leads to decreasing energy intensity.Among family-related factors,household income,proportion of water fees of household income,bathing frequency and numbers of water-saving behaviors are negatively correlated with energy intensity,while daily water use per capita and bathing water temperature are positively correlated.The energy intensity in bungalows is less than it is in buildings. Among equipment and technical factors,the number of electric kettles and length of washing machine's service life are positively correlated with energy intensity,while washing machine energy efficiency levels are negatively correlated. This study provides valuable data,enriches research into the water-energy nexus and improves the calculation model of energy intensity household water use. These data will help our understanding of the basic characteristics of energy consumption during household water use,and improve the integrated management of water and energy.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期744-753,共10页
Resources Science
基金
北京市节水科技基金项目:"北京市城镇节水评价规范"
关键词
水资源
城市家庭用水
能耗强度
影响因素
water resources
urban household water use
energy intensity
influence factor
