摘要
文章从语言主观性的形式表现切入,综合运用归纳和演绎、定性和定量、分类和对比等方法,通过分步分层描写能够和"依照"同现的介词宾语、能够和"依照"介宾短语同现的主谓小句以及"依照"句的预设等成分,在短语、小句和话语层面上精确定位"依照"的分布环境,从而提取并验证其语法意义为"立定移情解惑".首先,文章基于前人研究和语料调查提出"依照"介词宾语的语义特征"恒定"义,并从性质、数量、关系、模态四个逻辑范畴上给予正反验证;其次,基于"依照"句主语的语义特点,将其功能性语义界定为"言者移情",从认识论、本体论、目的论、方法论四个角度分别论述其移情方式和相应的语用预设,并结合语用隐涵将"依照"句的语义特征界定为"移情解惑";最后,讨论介宾短语和主谓小句间的组配方式并给予认知解释,论证了"依照"句的主观性.
Starting from the realization in grammatical forms of the language subjectivity,the paper,within the semantics grammar theory,locates precisely the syntactic distribution of yizhao in terms of phrases,clauses and discourses by describing its co-occurrences layer by layer,i.e.its prepositional object,following clause and pragmatic presumption,and generates and verifies the grammatical meaning of yizhao as"empathetic issue-solution".Firstly,the paper proposes"constantness"as the semantic feature of the object of yizhao based on previous research and language facts and verifies it in terms of the four logic categories,namely quality,quantity,relation and modality.Second,the paper describes the function of the clause following the prepositional phrase as"to express the speaker’s empathy"and discusses the way of empathization and the corresponding pragmatic presumptions from epistemology,ontology,teleology and methodology and then generalizes the semantic feature of the following clause as"empathization for issue-solution",which entails an implicature.Last,the paper discusses the synthetic relation between the prepositional phrase and the following clause and explains it cognitively,thus demonstrates the subjectivity of yizhao construction.
作者
钱坤
Qian Kun(Jiangsu University)
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“汉语情态副词的语义提取与分类验证研究”(17BYY026)
国家社科基金重大项目“境外汉语语法学史及数据库建设”(16ZDA209)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“暨南领航计划”(15JNLH04)的资助
关键词
介词"依照"
移情
预设
规约隐涵
"依定移情解惑"义
preposition yizhao
empathy
presumption
conventional implicature
“empathy for issue-solution”
