摘要
《海牙判决公约》谈判过程中伴随着统一化与分割化模式的博弈,但最终采纳分割化的模式,将不动产物权和其他特殊的对人权分割开来。在具体的规定上进行了类型化处理,将一般性不动产租赁和居住性不动产租赁、一般性不动产合同义务和基于不动产物权担保的合同义务、基于对人权的不动产登记和基于物权的不动产登记、排他性管辖效力的相对性和绝对性区分开来。但在与国内法和其他国际公约的关系方面,公约则赋予缔约国统一化的义务,不得违反不动产物权专属管辖的规定。而为了有效实施公约,公约谈判中还强调了统一和自治解释公约的重要性,并考虑物之所在地法原则在定性分歧上的作用。在不动产案件间接管辖上,中国法律没有规定,但中外双边司法协助条约则兼具统一化和分割化双重模式;在直接管辖权上,我国在立法上采纳统一化模式,"不动产纠纷"由不动产所在地法院专属管辖,而司法解释则采纳分割模式,将"不动产纠纷"定性为不动产物权纠纷。由于立法上统一化模式过于武断,建议考虑分割化模式来规定需要专属管辖的不动产纠纷。
The negotiation process of the Hague Judgment Convention is accompanied by the game of unification and division modes, but the division mode is finally adopted to separate rights in rem and rights in personnam in immovable property. Further, the Convention categorizes some immovable property issues, such as the general lease and residential lease of immovable property, the general contract obligations over immovable property and a contractual obligation secured by a right in rem in immovable property, the registration of immovable property based on rights in rem and rights in personnam, relative and absolute effect of exclusive jurisdiction. However, in terms of its relationship with national law and other international conventions, the Convention imposes Contracting States uniform obligations that the provisions of the exclusive jurisdiction of immovable property should not be violated. In order to effectively implement the Convention, uniform and autonomous interpretation of the Convention are emphasized in the negotiation process of the Convention, and the principle of lex loci rei sitae should be referenced to classify the nature of rights. Chinese law does not provide any provisions on the indirect jurisdiction of immovable property, but the bilateral judicial assistance treaties concluded by China have adopted two modes separately. As for direct jurisdiction, China adopts the unification mode in legislation, i.e., a "dispute over immovable property" is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court where the immovable property is located. However, the relevant judicial interpretation adopts the division mode and defines the "dispute over immovable property" as the dispute over rights in rem in immovable property. Since the unification mode is arbitrary, it is proposed to consider the division mode in legislation to stipulate the dispute over immovable property that need exclusive jurisdiction.
出处
《国际法学刊》
2020年第1期33-55,155-156,共25页
Journal of International Law
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究课题《一带一路倡议与法律合作研究》(16JJD820009)
司法部司法协助交流中心课题《中外司法协助立法与实践问题研究》
北京大学项目《判决流动全球性规则的博弈》的中期成果之一
关键词
《海牙判决公约》
不动产
专属管辖
统一化
分割化
the Hague Judgment Convention
immovable property
exclusive jurisdiction
unification
division
作者简介
何其生,北京大学法学院教授,博士生导师。
