摘要
美国是世界上保护地体系最为完善的国家之一,目前有607类保护地共3万余个,其中八成为Ⅴ类保护地,基本实现了对森林、湿地、土地、河流、海洋、野生动植物、公园、原野、地标、步道等自然资源、自然景观和野生动植物等的保护全覆盖。这些保护地由联邦、州、市、县等各级政府机构、非政府组织、个体地主等管理。最重要的保护地类型包括国家公园、国家荒野保护区、国家野生动物庇护区、国家原野及风景河流区、国家自然地标、自然研究区、国家保护区、国家步道系统等10余类。美国保护地的保护范围广、类型多,分级管理、分类施策,较好地平衡了保护与利用的关系;立法完善,执法有力;资金渠道丰富,收支严格。这些经验值得我们借鉴。
The United States has one of the finest protected area system in the world.At present,there are more than 30000 PAs in 607 categories.Eighty percent of them are type V protected areas on IUCN standard,whichbasically cover natural resources,natural landscape and wildlife,such as forests,wetlands,rivers,oceans,wildlife,wilderness,landmarks,trails and so on.Protected areas are managed by government agencies at all levels,non-governmental organizations and individual landlords.The most important types of protected areas include National Parks,National Wilderness Reserves,National Wildlife Refuges,National Wilderness and Scenic River Areas,National Natural Landmarks,Natural Research Areas,National Protected Areas,National Trail System,etc.The United States has a wide range of protected areas with a variety of types,hierarchical management,classified measures and classified measures,which have better balanced the relationship between protection and utilization.At the same time,USA has integrated legislation and strong law enforcement,abundant financial channels and strict revenue and expenditure.These experiences deserve our in-depth learning.
作者
王博
王越
王丽
张多
李想
刘鹏
林进
郭晔
郭志起
WANG Bo;WANG Yue;WANG Li;ZHANG Duo;LI Xiang;LIU Peng;LIN Jin;GUO Ye;GUO Zhiqi(Key State Forestry Administration of Daxing’anling,Inner Mongolia 022150,China;China Communications and Environmental Ecology Construction Co.,Ltd.,Hubei 430000,China;China National Forestry Economic Development Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China;National Park Administration Office,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China;Beijing Seven Star Eco-Culture&Tourism Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100702,China)
出处
《国土资源情报》
2020年第4期17-23,共7页
Land and Resources Information
基金
世界银行项目“中国森林可持续经营及融资”(P161175)
国家林业和草原局重大问题调研项目“气候变化、生物多样性和荒漠化问题动态参考”(2130237-18-0909-01)、“自然保护地整合优化问题研究”(ZDWT2019-06)
“国家林业和草原局重大问题调研青年研究项目”国家公园财政事权和支出责任划分研究
关键词
保护地
国家公园
国家荒野保护区
政府拨款
私人捐赠
Protected area
National Park
National Wilderness Preservation
Government grants
Private donations
作者简介
第一作者:王博(1981—),男,高级会计师。主要从事现代林业财务制度建设核算和天保工程财务政策研究。E-mail:ykswb@189.cn;通讯作者:李想(1987—),男,高级工程师。主要从事林业政策、国家公园和自然保护地研究。E-mail:scy0418@163.com
