摘要
南宋初年宫廷画家刘松年生活在12到13世纪,他的《海珍图》分为31部分,画出77种海洋动物。除了我们熟悉的很多海洋生物,还有我们不熟悉的海洋生物,包括海兔、扁虫、石鳖、腮海牛、苔藓虫,以及多种珊瑚、海绵、海葵。图上的动物共有十个门,囊括无脊椎海洋生物的大多数门类。图上称石磺为蟾蛤,已经认识到石磺是贝类。图上画出海兔的生殖孔和背裂孔,称为海眼。图上画出多种颜色的海蜗牛,发现海蜗牛是腹足纲动物,称为指螺。所以这幅图是海洋生物学上的重要作品,刘松年是浙江人,从这幅图上的生物名称、地理及错误来看,这幅图可能是参考华南人的简单图画改绘而成。
Liu Songnian,a court painter,lived in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty,from 12th to 13th century.His Sea Treasure Painting was divided into 31 parts,and 77 kinds of marine animals were painted.In addition to many familiar marine organisms,there are also marine organisms that we are not familiar with,including sea hares,flatworm,chiton,Pleurobranchaea maculata,bryozoan,and various corals,sponges and anemones.There are ten phyla of animals in this painting,including most phyla of invertebrate marine life.In this painting,it was called toad clam,and it has been recognized that the Onchidium verruculatum is a shellfish.The painting shows the genital opening and dorsal fissure hole of sea hares,which was called sea eyes.The painting shows colorful sea snails.It was found that the sea snails are gastropods,called finger snails.Therefore,this painting is an important work in marine biology.Liu Songnian was from Zhejiang.Judging from the names,geography and mistakes of the creatures,this painting may be drawn by referring to the simple pictures of the people in South China.
出处
《中国港口》
2023年第S02期9-18,共10页
China Ports
关键词
刘松年
《海珍图》
海洋生物
Liu Songnian
Sea Treasure Painting
Marine animals
作者简介
周运中,南京大学海洋文化研究中心特约研究员
