摘要
在国有自然资源资产领域,自然资源资产的国家所有权为民法上的所有权,在此基础上可设立民法意义上的委托代理关系,同时,此种所有权的行使边界需要限定在全民利益的价值轨道内。自然资源资产损害赔偿请求权由自然资源资产的国家所有权生成,自然资源资产损害赔偿制度因此体现出所有权本位,循私法路径开展自然资源资产损害赔偿工作具有可行性。自然资源资产损害赔偿制度中的索赔主体可以基于自然资源资产所有权的委托代理机制明确,关于索赔主体的规则体系则可以通过包括制定规范性文件在内的立法途径构建。在定位上,自然资源资产损害赔偿制度应与生态环境损害赔偿制度存在差异,与前者相比,后者显示出国家义务本位,着重体现行政属性、公权属性。然而,自然资源资产损害赔偿与生态环境损害赔偿殊途同归,二者的最终归宿皆应聚焦于生态保护修复,通过塑造良好的生态环境增进民生福祉,进而实现全民利益的维护。在制度建构层面,自然资源资产损害赔偿制度在参照生态环境损害赔偿制度进行设计的同时,也需要考虑到专门规则的设置,以使自身获得更高的实践价值。
In the field of nation-owned natural resource assets,the national ownership to natural resource assets should be identified as ownership in civil law.On this basis,a principal-agent relationship in civil law theory can be established,while the boundaries of its exercise need to be limited to the value track of the interests of all the people.The right to claim natural resource asset damage is generated by the national ownership of natural resource assets.Therefore,natural resource asset damage compensation system reflects the ownership standard and it is available to conduct natural resource asset damage compensation through the path of private law.The claiming subject in natural resource asset damage compensation system can be clarified based on the principal-agent mechanism of natural resource asset ownership,and the rules of claiming subject can be constructed through legislations including normative documents.In terms of orientation,natural resource asset damage compensation system should be different from eco-environment damage compensation system.Compared with the former one,the latter one reveals the national obligation standard and focuses on the administrative and state power attributes.However,natural resource asset damage compensation and eco-environment damage compensation has the same goal which is ecological protection and restoration.Well-being of all the people can be guaranteed by creating a good ecological environment,the aim of maintenance of the interests of all the people can also be achieved through this way.In the future,while natural resource asset damage compensation system is designed with reference to the for eco-environment damage compensation system,it also needs to take special rules setting into account to invest it with higher practical value.
作者
梁树森
范兴龙
Liang Shusen;Fan Xinglong
出处
《中国不动产法研究》
2024年第1期116-137,305-306,共24页
Research on Real Estate Law of China
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“全民所有自然资源资产损害民事救济机制研究”(23BFX035)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
自然资源资产
损害赔偿
国家所有权
民法所有权
Natural Resource Asset
Damage Compensation
National Ownership
Ownership in Civil Law
作者简介
梁树森,中山大学法学院博士研究生,南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)研究人员,研究方向为环境法;范兴龙,武汉大学环境法研究所博士研究生,广东省高级人民法院新闻处副处长,研究方向为环境法
