定作人任意解除权的反思与重构被引量：2

Reflection on the Hirer’s Discretionary Right to Terminate

导出

摘要传统民法赋予承揽合同定作人任意解除权的正当性原因,一是如定作人对承揽成果失去利益时继续完成承揽无异于浪费社会资源,二是承揽人的利益仅在于获得报酬。然而,随着社会经济的发展,定作人任意解除权的正当性基础已经动摇。一方面,承揽成果在市场上的流通并不困难;另一方面,承揽合同不再限于手工业制作这样的传统承揽,承揽人利益不再限于获得报酬或者利润,而是有宣传意义、推荐意义等超出经济因素之外的利益。此时应当限制定作人的任意解除权。《民法典》在赋予定作人任意解除权的同时,也通过履行利益损失赔偿维护了承揽人的利益,这实际是经济上的契约严守。面对经济上的赔偿,定作人一般不会“任意”解除承揽合同,理性的定作人解除合同必然会有重要的原因,可以借助情事变更制度或者重要原因解除制度解除合同。 Traditional civil law gives the hirer the discretionary right to terminate at will,firstly,if the hirer loses interest in the contract,continuing to complete the contract is tantamount to wasting social resources;and secondly,the hirer’s interest is only to obtain remuneration.However,with the development of social economy,the legitimacy foundation of discretionary right to terminate of the customized person has been shaken.On the one hand,it is not difficult to circulate the contract results in the market.On the other hand,the contract is no longer limited to the traditional contract of handicraft production,and the interests of some hirees are no longer limited to obtaining remuneration or profits.The completion of the contract results has the significance of publicity and recommendation for them,or has interests beyond economic interests in other aspects.At this time,the right of arbitrary rescission of the customizer should be restricted.The Civil Code not only grants the discretionary right to terminate to the hiree,but also protects the interests of the hirer by performing compensation for loss of interests,which is actually the strict observance of the contract in economy.In the face of economic compensation,the hirer generally won’t“arbitrarily”terminate the contract.The rational hirer will definitely have important reasons for terminating the contract,and under special circumstances,the contract can be terminated by means of the change of circumstances system or the system of rescission for important reasons.

作者郝丽燕 HAO Li-yan

机构地区山东建筑大学法学院

出处《北方法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第2期27-37,共11页 Northern Legal Science

基金国家社会科学基金项目“《民法典》视角下继续性合同解除制度的发展完善研究”(21BFX192)的阶段性成果

关键词承揽合同定作人任意解除权契约严守 contract for work hirer discretionary right to terminate strict observance of contract

分类号 D913 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介郝丽燕,山东建筑大学法学院副教授,法学博士。