突发事件中第三部门的集体行动:组织形态与实践逻辑

Collective Action of the Third Sector in Emergencies:Organizational Forms and Practice Logics

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摘要第三部门作为城市治理的主体之一,在面对突发事件时受社会责任感驱使会采取集体行动,保障城市安全。新冠肺炎疫情期间,武汉市慈善总会、"传化·安心驿站"、武汉市社区志愿者团队和武汉市志愿者车队等第三部门积极开展以社会公共利益为导向的集体防疫行动。反思这些行动的过程可发现,它们虽同属于第三部门,但不同组织遵循着不一样的实践逻辑,究其原因,主要源于第三部门组织形态的差异性。基于组织行为学视角,从"规制—结构"出发将第三部门的组织形态分为稳定型机构、动员型社群、聚合型社群和分散型社群四类,由此对应概括出"强目标—强秩序""强目标—弱秩序""弱目标—强秩序"和"弱目标—弱秩序"四种实践逻辑。结合第三部门防疫案例,可总结出不同实践逻辑下集体行动的优势和劣势,以此引导第三部门集体行动,发挥其应有的城市治理功能和价值。 The third sector,as one of the main body of urban governance,will take collective action in the face of emergency driven by the sense of social responsibility to ensure the safety of the city.During the COVID-19,the third sector organizations,such as Wuhan Charity Federation,"Chuan Hua·An Xin Station",Wuhan Community Volunteer Teams,and Wuhan Volunteer Automobile Teams,actively launched collective preventive action for social public interests.Reflecting on the process of the action,we can find that although they belong to the third sector,different organizations follow differentpractical logics.The main reason lies in the differences of the third sector\s organizational forms.Based on the Organizational Behavior Theory,from the perspective of "regulation-structure",the organizational forms of the third sector are divided into four types:stable organization,mobilized social group,aggregated social group and decentralized social group.These four types can be categorized into four practical logics:"strong goal-strong order","strong goalweak order", "weak goal-strong order",and "weak goal-weak order".Combining with the epidemic prevention cases of the third sector,it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of collective action under different practical logics to guide the third sector\s collective action and plays its urban governance function and value.

作者徐家良张圣 Xu Jialiang;Zhang Sheng

机构地区上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院上海交通大学中国城市治理研究院上海交通大学中国公益发展研究院

出处《城市治理研究》 2020年第1期97-113,5-6,共19页 Urban Governance Studies

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目“促进中国慈善事业发展的法律制度创新研究”(批准号:17ZDA133)

关键词城市治理第三部门集体行动组织形态实践逻辑 urban governance the third sector collective action organizational forms practical logic

分类号 D630 [政治法律—中外政治制度]

作者简介徐家良,上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院教授、中国城市治理研究院研究员、中国公益发展研究院院长(上海);张圣,上海交通大学中国城市治理研究院、国际与公共事务学院博士研究生(上海)。