摘要
自10世纪以来,德却噶波(■)逐渐成为西藏西部阿里同拉达克的大致分界线。17—18世纪,两地传统分界大致维持在德却拉日噶波(■)一线。1834—1840年,查谟道格拉人先后3次派兵入侵拉达克,后在1841年又入侵西藏阿里。森巴战争结束后,西藏同查谟道格拉人签订了和平“甘结”。在“甘结”中,双方重申要维持传统疆界。1846年,英国支持道格拉人建立了查谟和克什米尔土邦。由此,英国在拉达克及其周边地区建立起“宗主权”。印度独立后,继承了英国在喜马拉雅边境的“殖民遗产”,利用不具法律效力的“条约”企图包装和巩固其“殖民遗产”,以便扩张其主权边界乃至建构其民族国家边界。文章利用多文种材料梳理和考辨10世纪以来阿里同拉达克的传统分界线大致在“碟穆绰克”,认为中印碟穆绰克“边界”问题关涉传统分界向主权边界转换、殖民入侵与独立建国后的边界等维度,应依据历史事实加以解决。
Since the 10th century,the bDe mchog dkar po has gradually formed the approximate dividing line between mNgav ris of China and Ladakh.In 1684,Xizang and Ladakh signed the gTing mo sgang chad don,which in written form established bDe mchog lha ri as a traditional border line,and maintained till the 1830s.From 1834 to 1840,the Jammu Dogra sent troops to invade Ladakh three times,and then invaded mNgav ris in Xizang in 1841.In 1842,after the end of the Dogra War,Xizang signed a peace agreement with the Jammu Dogra,which reaffirmed commitment to maintaining the traditional border line established from 1684.In 1845,the first Anglo-Sikhs war broke out and the Sikhs were defeated.In 1846,the British supported the Dogras in establishing Jammu and Kashmir native state.As the result,British sway over Ladakh and its surrounding areas,breaking out the traditional border line.After the independence,India inherited British“colonial legacy”in the Himalayan frontier,with the label of treaty to package the“colonial legacy”in order to consolidate and expand its sovereign borders,and even construct its state boundaries.This paper will comprehensively study the traditional boundary line between mNgav ris and Ladakh since the 10th century and its transition to sovereign borders,based on Tibetan resources and other materials.
作者
严祥海
旦正才让
YAN Xiang-hai;rTa-mgrin Tshe-ring
出处
《中国藏学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期104-113,215-216,共12页
China Tibetology
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“中不边界历史、现状及对策研究”(批准号:2022CZS082)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
碟穆绰克
阿里
拉达克
分界线
bDe mchog
mNgav ris
Ladakh
Boundary line
作者简介
严祥海,中央民族大学历史文化学院2020级博士研究生、西藏民族大学民族研究院讲师;旦正才让,中央民族大学历史文化学院2021级博士研究生(北京100081)。
