摘要
为明确什么是“桑黄”,对桑树桑黄生长环境、菌丝体及子实体的属性进行了考证。在所考察的时间与地域范围内,仅发现桑树桑黄寄生蒙桑(Morus mongolica Schneid.)和鬼桑(Morus mongolica var.diabolica Koidz.)两种桑种,未发现桑树桑黄寄生于当地其他树种。野外的桑树桑黄子实体形状多变,无柄,质地异常坚硬;子实层腹部金黄色,表面菌孔较少。桑树桑黄菌丝体适应在PDA培养基上生长,具有异常牢固、不易变性、不易老化的特点。桑树桑黄菌丝呈簇状生长,分枝众多,分隔稀少,具绳状的菌丝束,无锁状联合,常见囊泡状结构和异常粗大的金黄色菌丝(直径达4.68~7.23μm)。与供试的近缘黄色无柄蕈类相比,桑树桑黄的菌丝体和培养的子实体最为致密;桑树桑黄菌丝适应桑叶为基质的培养基,并可在蚕沙培养基长期保存,pH 6.0~8.8的培养基均适合其正常生长,但对蔗糖及麦麸的利用效率不佳。基于引物ITSl/ITS4扩增rDNA ITS序列的进化分析发现,桑树桑黄和杨树黄、栎树黄、暴马黄等近缘种类之间仍存在一定的遗传距离;转录组测序分析发现,相对于杨树黄、栎树黄、暴马黄的子实体,桑树桑黄特异性表达的基因达62个。本研究是对桑黄部分属性的全新揭示,可为“桑黄”(桑树桑黄)正名,有助于桑黄这一珍稀药用真菌的后续研究和应用。
In order to clarify what“Sanghuang”is,textual researches on the attributes of growth environment,mycelium and fruiting body of Sanghuang growing on mulberry trees,i.e.,Sanghuangporus sanghuang,were carried out.Within the time and geographical scope of this study,two specific parasitic strains of fungi,S.sanghuang,were found growing only on two species of mulberry trees,namely of Mengsang(Morus mongolic.Schneid.)and Guisang(Morus mongolica var.diabolica Koidz.),respectively.The fruiting bodies of S.sanghuang in the wild were variable in shapes,sessile,and extremely hard in texture.Hymenium surface of S.sanghuang was golden yellow in color and oligoporous.The PDA medium is suitable for growth of the mycelium of S.sanghuang,which had the characteristics of being extremely firm,resistant to degeneration and ageing.The hyphae of S.sanghuang grew in clusters,with numerous branches but sparse separation,having rope-like mycelial strands,no lock-like joint,with vesicle-like structures and extremely large hyphae of golden color(4.68-7.23μm in diameter).The mycelium and the cultivated fruiting bodies of S.sanghuang had the highest density compared with the tested related species of yellow sessile mushrooms.The mycelium of S.sanghuang was suitable for living in the medium of mulberry leaf powder and could be stored in the medium of silkworm faeces for a long time.It could adapt to the medium with pH 6.0-8.8,while the utilization efficiency for sucrose and wheat bran was unsatisfactory.Evolutionary analysis based on the rDNA ITS sequences amplified by primers of ITSl/ITS4 showed that there were certain genetic distances between the S.sanghuang,Inonotus vaninii,S.quercicola,Phellinus baumii,and other related species.Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that 62 genes were expressed specifically in the fruiting bodies of S.sanghuang,compared with I.alpinus,I.vaninii and S quercicola.This research provides some new insights into the understanding of Sanghuang,which can not only correct the name of Sanghuang(S.sanghuang),but also contribute to the follow-up research and the application of the rare and precious medicinal fungi in the future.
作者
方荣俊
曹旭
程嘉翎
张林
刘利
Fang Rongjun;Cao Xu;Cheng Jialing;Zhang Lin;Liu Li(Colloge of Biotechnology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100,China;Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs,Sericultural Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100,China)
出处
《蚕业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期141-151,共11页
ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA
基金
江苏科技大学科研启动基金(1732931603)
农业农村部农作物种质资源保护与利用项目(19200382)
科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台课题(NCGRC2020-041)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目
关键词
桑树
桑黄
菌丝体
子实体
Morus L.
Sanghuangporus sanghuang
Mycelium
Fruiting body
作者简介
第一作者:方荣俊(1971-),男,博士,副研究员。E-mail:frj1971@163.com;通信作者:刘利,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师。E-mail:touchliu@163.com
