摘要
在总预算有限的条件下,援助国必须依据一定的标准对援助资源进行分割,以决定援助的对象和多寡。然而,日本对华与对印政府开发援助政策却呈现一种国别性和阶段性"双重标准"。对此,显然不能简单归因于战略考量,而国家利益论、人道关怀论以及社会交换论等对外援助理论解释力不足,相关实证研究则很少从学理层面进行国别比较。究其实质,同一援助国对不同受援国的政策差异及其变迁突显出援助国的角色属性问题。在政府开发援助中,援助国既注重利益权衡与援助实效,也关注国际规范和国内舆论,兼具"经济人"角色和"社会人"角色。这双重角色既相互对立又相互统一,实现二者的平衡是政府开发援助政策制定与实施的核心考量。对华与对印政府开发援助政策的动态调整,充分体现出日本以"经济人"为基础同时兼具"社会人"的援助国角色属性。援助国角色属性分析,不仅有助于更好地理解日本政府开发援助的复杂性和动态性,对于中国对外援助也具有重要的参考价值。作为新兴援助国,中国要坚持正确义利观,既彰显大国担当与国际道义,也兼顾援助的共生性和有效性,平衡好援助国的"经济人"与"社会人"双重角色。
Faced with budget constraints,donor states must make decisions regarding how to allocate limited aid funds across target countries.there are clearly"double standards"at play over time and across countries visà-vis Japan’s official development assistance(ODA)policies towards China and India.Academic studies have rarely involved cross country empirical research on this topic.In this regard,the differences and changes with respect to how a donor country determines policy towards targeted recipient states are colored by the characteristics of the roles that donor states take on.In granting ODA,donor states consider both their interests as well as aid effectiveness,while also considering international norms and their domestic audience-thus featuring the characteristics of both economic actors as well as social actors.The adjustments that Japan has made vis-à-vis its ODA policies towards China and India respectively offer an excellent example of how its role as an economic actor was further mediated by its role as a social actor.
作者
陈小鼎
王翠梅
Chen Xiaoding;Wang Cuime
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期79-105,159-160,共29页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
基金
兰州大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”(项目编号:2019jbkyxs014,2020jbkytd005,17LZUJBWZX003,2019jbkyjd009)的资助
关键词
日本政府开发援助
对外援助
“经济人”
“社会人”
Japanese Official Development Assistance
Foreign Aid
Economic Actor
Social Actor
作者简介
陈小鼎,兰州大学政治与国际关系学院/兰州大学上海合作组织研究中心教授;王翠梅,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院2020级博士研究生
