摘要
汉语的"客体中心、背衬内参优先"认知定势,诱导其优先将时序作为参照框架,根据"早先为前"的原则确认时间方向成为优势的时间方向类型。英语的"自我中心、主体外参优先"认知定势,优先以观察者为参照,基于观察者参照的back和forward转换为汉语"时序参照"方向"前"和"后",导致汉语基于时序参照和英语基于自我参照的认知定势偏差带来相反的时间方向。汉英时间方向异或同,取决于汉英认知定势对不同参照模式的选择,而认知定势的心理学基础跟主体与客体的哲学价值取向密切相关。
Chinese takes an object-centered strategy to conceptualize temporal relationship,and prefers to define temporal direction by referring to temporal sequence’s internal structure,taking anterior time point as qian(前)‘anterior,preceding’,and posterior time point as hou(后)‘posterior,following’.Consequently,the object-centered conceptualization of temporal relationship underlies ground-preference cognitive style.That is to say,temporal sequence as a kind of object,rather than ego’s/observer’s goal,functions as reference/ground for temporal direction cognition.English native speakers tend to perceive temporal relationship on the basis of ego’s or observer’s goal,conceptualizing forward or back by taking observer’s direction of facing the goal of a metaphorical journey in future as temporal direction.Ego’s or observer’s goal functions as figure in figure-preference cognitive style,unless traveler’s or observer’s direction is eclipsed by temporal sequence signified in context.In that case,forward/back has to be converted into Chinese sequence-oriented direction qian/hou,resulting in deviation in temporal directions between qian/hou and forward/back.To sum up,Chinese ground-preference cognitive style based on object-centered philosophy and English figure-preference cognitive style based on ego-centered philosophy cause the same temporal relationship being conceptualized respectively by referring to sequence-based reference frame and to ego-based reference frame.Moreover,ego-oriented perception usually involves observer’s on-site experience of participating in the metaphorical journey,whereas sequence-oriented perception defines time-point in temporal sequence from a relatively detached perspective of outside stander-by.This contrast of subjective vs.objective leads to the collocation of qianmian(前面)‘front’and houmian(后面)‘back’with their respective compatible constituents with respect to subjectivity and objectivity.Drawing on the cross-linguistic contrast between Chinese qian and hou and their English counterparts forward and back,this study sheds light upon the different cognitive styles underlying Chinese and English language-specific time conceptualization by probing into the philosophic foundation of Chinese ground-preference and English figure/goal-preference cognitive style.
作者
陈忠
CHEN Zhong(Faculty of Art and Humanities,University of Macao)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期259-276,共18页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
澳门大学研究基金资助(编号:SRG2019-00149-FAH)
关键词
认知方式
客体中心
自我中心
背衬优先
显体优先
cognitive pattern
object-centric
ego-centric
ground-preference
figure-preference
作者简介
陈忠,男,博士,澳门大学人文学院副教授。学术兴趣:汉英跨文化认知方式对比、汉英语法对比。代表作:“汉英语序组织的变量竞争与调适机制”。电子邮件:zhongchen@um.edu.mo
