摘要
本文从认知角度出发研究汉语的空间隐喻，其前提是：（１） 隐喻是人类认知世界的重要手段；（２） 空间隐喻是一种意象图式隐喻，即以空间概念为始原域，构建其它非空间性的目标域。由于人类的许多抽象概念都必须通过空间隐喻来构建，因此空间隐喻在人类的认知活动中扮演了不可或缺的角色。本文研究重点在“上”和“下”两个概念上，旨在通过对真实语料的分析，找出“上”和“下”分别沿着哪些隐喻义拓展，换言之，就是要找出汉语里哪些抽象概念是通过“上”和“下”来构建的。笔者通过对真实语料的分析初步得出下述结论：（１） 汉语中有这样一种倾向，即“上”通常与好的事物相连，“下”通常与不好的事物相连。（２）“上”与“下”被发现用来构造下述抽象目标域：状态，数量，社会等级，及时间。（３） 除上述抽象概念外，“上”
This research, by taking a cognitive approach to spatial metaphors in Chinese, makes the assumptions that (1) metaphor is part of the cognitive processes through which human beings conceptualize the world, and (2) spatial metaphors play an indispensable part in human thinking because many of the abstract concepts are structured through spatial metaphors. The research focuses on two fundamental spatial concepts in Chinese, namely Shng (上) and Xi (下), and attempts to find out, from authentic language data, the metaphorical extensions along which the two concepts develop, to put it the other way round, to find out which abstract concepts Chinese uses Shng and Xi to structure. The following results are obtained from the analysis of 1.8 million characters of written Chinese materials: (1) Upward trajectories are usually linked with things considered to be desirable in Chinese culture and downward trajectories are usually linked with things considered to be undesirable in Chinese culture. (2) Shng and Xi are found to be used to structure five target domains, namely abstract location, state, quantity, social hierarchy and time . (3) It has also been found an elaboration from vertical dimensions to horizontal dimensions with Shng , namely A certain horizontal direction is Shng .
出处
《外语教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第4期7-15,共9页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
