摘要
量刑幅度缩短能否引起追诉期限变化在刑法理论和司法实践中都存在较大的争议。刑法溯及力中的“刑法”应当理解为广义刑法和具体规范,由此可以确认司法解释、刑法典及刑法修正案之间存在溯及力问题,司法解释的溯及力应当采用从旧兼从轻的原则。追诉期限跟随法定刑变更的根据一方面是罪责刑相适应原则的要求,另一方面也是对《刑法》第87条进行当然解释的结论。司法实践中,对于因量刑幅度缩短而引起的追诉期限变更的案件,在追诉时效的溯及力问题上应当采用从旧兼从轻的原则,在具体的判断规则上应当先进行刑法溯及力判断再进行追诉时效判断。对于因新旧刑法规定不同引起的追诉期限变更案件,应当同时关注定罪量刑规范与追诉时效规范溯及力的判断;对于因司法解释变化引起的追诉期限变更案件,应当重点关注同一法律内部定罪量刑规范溯及力的判断。
Whether shortened sentencing extent could cause change of limitation of prosecution is highly controversial in both criminal legal theory and judicial practice.When discussing retroactivity of criminal law,the term“criminal law”should be comprehended as generalized criminal law and specific norms,therefore retroactivity issue exists among judicial interpretation,criminal law and amendments to criminal law.Retroactivity of judicial interpretation should adopt“old and light”principle.The basis of changing limitation of prosecution according to sentencing extent,on the one hand,lies in the principle of suiting responsibility and punishment to crime;on the other hand,the corollary of natural interpretation of the Article 87 of Criminal Law.In judicial practice,the old and light principle should be adopted to solve retroactivity problems in cases where shortened sentencing extent causes changes of limitation of prosecution,and retroactivity issue should be judged before prosecution limitation issue.For cases where prosecution limitation is caused by different rules of old and new criminal laws,prosecution limitation and retroactivity issues are equally important as conviction and sentencing rules;for cases where prosecution limitation is caused by change of judicial interpretation,emphasis should be put on retroactivity judgment of conviction and sentencing rules under the same law.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期134-148,共15页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大课题(17JJD820018)“刑法人权保障机能与社会保护机能的冲突与协调”
关键词
量刑幅度
追诉期限
刑法溯及
从旧兼从轻
sentencing extent
prosecution limitation
retroactivity of criminal law
old and light principle
作者简介
柳忠卫,山东大学法学院教授,博士生导师。
