摘要
对于科研人员套取科研经费行为,学术界的基本倾向是将其非犯罪化(出罪)。出罪思路有两种,一种是实体上的出罪思路,另一种是程序上的出罪思路。实体上的出罪思路,只能解决部分科研人员的出罪,或者只能解决罪名的适用,而不能彻底解决套取科研经费案件的出罪问题。程序上的出罪思路具有理论依据和实践依据,但需要纳入法治轨道。本文主张,在实体法上的出罪思路中,对"公共财产"做限制解释,将横向课题经费和部分纵向课题经费从公共财产中排除出去;计算套取科研经费数额时应适当扣除科研人员的应得劳动报酬及其他合理开支;运用违法性认识错误理论将2014年11号文颁布之前的套取科研经费行为出罪。在程序法上的出罪思路中,将各种出罪措施纳入法治轨道,如提高"罪轻不起诉"中罪轻的标准,从而将构成犯罪的套取科研经费行为从程序上不按照犯罪处理。
For researchers to Swindle scientific research funds,the basic tendency of the academia is to decriminalize(non-crime).There are two kinds of decriminalize ideas,one of the idea is in the substantive law,and the other is in the procedural law.The substantive idea can only solve the conviction of some scientific researchers,or can only solve the application of the offense,and can not completely solve the guilty problem of the Swindling scientific research funds case.The procedural idea have theoretical and practical basis,but need to be included in the rule of law.This article argues that in the decriminalize idea of substantive law,it restricts the interpretation of ‘public property’ and excludes commercial research funds and some government-sponsored research funds from public property;When calculating the amount of research funding,the deductible labor compensation and other reasonable expenses of the scientific research personnel shall be deducted appropriately;Using the theory of Misperception of illegality,the crime of scientific research funds before the promulgation of the No.11 document in 2014 was acquitted.In the decriminalize idea of procedural law,various decriminalization measures are included in the rule of law.
出处
《刑法论丛》
2019年第1期23-50,共28页
Criminal Law Review
基金
国家社科基金项目“套取挪用科研经费行为的刑法规制研究”(批准号:15BFX088)的阶段性成果.
关键词
套取
科研经费
出罪思路
实体出罪
程序出罪
Swindling
Scientific Research Funds
Decriminalize Idea
Substantive Law
Procedural Law
作者简介
刘科,北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院副教授,法学博士
