摘要
20世纪二三十年代,围绕西南民族研究出现了三场分歧。歧见的实质在于,"体质、语言和历史相结合"方法论对民族研究的重要性;该选择"造国民"还是"造民族";否认中华民族的组成分子为"民族"以免人假借"民族自决"分裂中国,还是承认其差异,给予扶持,促进平等团结来维护主权。这些分歧被急迫、粗糙地处置,使得人们忽略了民族研究方法论转向"语言、历史和主权相结合"的潜在共识。将三场分歧置入主权政治为坐标的宽广时空视野下,不难发现,"造民族"与"造国民"实乃传统国家转向主权国家的同一过程之不同面向,不可能二选一,也非只能二选一,"造民族"并不妨碍"造国民"。中国共产党领导的"民族解放"运动实践也证明,承认中华民族及其组成分子为不同层次的"民族",注重平等、团结奋斗,方能有效捍卫主权。历史地看,有主体意识和理论自觉的本土化方法论,对于当代中国推动"中华民族多元一体格局"沿"主权"脉络继续往前走,仍有独特的意义。
In the 1920s and 1930s,there were three debates surrounding the study of the ethnic groups in Southwest China.Disagreements center around three points:the importance of the"physique,language and history combined"approach to ethnic studies,the choice between"creating nationals"and"creating ethnic groups",and the choice between denying"ethnic groups"as the constituent elements of the Chinese nation to forestall any attempt to use"ethnic self-decision"as a pretext to splitting China and recognizing ethnic differences,providing them support and promoting equality and unity to safeguard sovereignty.These disagreements were dealt with in hasty and broad strokes,much to the negligence of the potential consensus that the methodology of ethnic studies should turn to"the combination of language,history and sovereignty."Putting the three debates in the broader vista of time and space with sovereign politics as the coordinate,we can find that"creating ethnic groups"and"creating nationals"are actually two aspects of the same process in which a traditional country transforms into a sovereign state.It is never an either-or choice."Creating ethnic groups"should not be an alternative to"creating nationals."The"National Liberation"movement led by the Communist Party of China has also proved that only by recognizing the Chinese nation as constituted by various ethnic groups and focusing on ethnic equality and unity can we effectively defend our sovereignty.From a historical perspective,an indigenous methodology with subjective consciousness and theoretical self-consciousness still has unique significance for contemporary China to push"the Chinese nation as a unified plurality"along the path of"sovereignty."
作者
谭同学
Tan Tongxue(National Centre for Borderlands Ethnic Studies in Southwest China,Yunnan University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期43-60,6,共19页
Open Times
关键词
民族研究
主权政治
方法论
理论自觉
本土化
ethnic study
sovereign politics
methodology
theoretical self-consciousness
indigenization
