摘要
传统水资源管理以流域为边界,降水是输入水量,径流是水资源量,蒸发被认为是水量损失.然而,陆地蒸发与降水之间存在复杂循环和互馈关系,流域蒸发的水汽并未消失,往往在其他区域产生降水.人为驱动下的土地覆被变化可直接影响蒸发,进而通过大气水循环过程影响下风区域的降水,理论上存在对空中水资源进行管理的可能性.但大气水循环过程具有复杂性,甚至随机性,多数区域的水汽源汇关系复杂,空中水资源管理的可行性长期存疑.本文基于降水域(precipitationshed)的框架,根据水汽源贡献水量的相对大小,确定对目标区域降水贡献最大的核心水汽源区,即核心降水域.使用空间分辨率为1°×1°的Utrack水汽循环数据集,在全球尺度下,计算分析了各格网的核心降水域,进一步与国家边界叠加分析,识别了全球空中水资源管理潜力的关键区.结果显示,中国中部、俄罗斯西伯利亚、刚果(金)中部、巴西南部、秘鲁西部、美国西北部以及加拿大西部具有较高的空中水资源管理潜力;与国界、土地利用覆盖、人口等综合分析发现,中国是全球最具空中水资源管理潜力的国家.本研究为从全球水循环的全局角度科学认识我国水资源,并从更大尺度保护、优化我国水资源格局提供了新的宏观视角.
Traditional water resource management is in the boundary of natural catchments.For catchment water balance,the precipitation is the amount of input,the runoff is the available water resource for society,and evaporation is considered a loss item.However,increasing evidence demonstrates that evaporation in the global terrestrial scale dominates the partition of precipitation,accounting for 60%of precipitation,which is much larger than the amount of runoff(40%of precipitation).In addition,the evaporated water vapor does not disappear,but is likely to fall as precipitation in other areas.The complex cycling and feedback between terrestrial evaporation and precipitation is called terrestrial moisture recycling.Atmospheric water resources can be defined as moisture that evaporates into the atmosphere and eventually falls as terrestrial precipitation.Theoretically,land cover change caused by human activities can directly affect land evaporation,which may affect the downwind precipitation through the terrestrial moisture cycle.However,the travel distance of atmospheric water vapor often exceeds the scale of most basins.Owing to the complexity and even the randomness of moisture recycling,the possibility of atmospheric water resource management is debated and largely untouched in traditional water management.Hence,it is important to identify the potential hotspots for atmospheric water resource management and clarify their complex source-sink relationship.Bridging this knowledge gap is beneficial to integrating atmospheric water resources into the traditional water resource management framework.In this study,based on the framework of precipitationshed,we developed the concept of“core precipitationshed”,which is the most central and influential moisture source region,contributing 40%of precipitation to the target area.The process of obtaining the core precipitation area is as follows:First,the moisture source contribution depth(mm/a)is sorted from largest to smallest,then the cumulative contribution based on this ranking is calculated,and finally the area with a cumulative contribution rate of 40%is classified as the core precipitation area.On a global scale,we used the UTrack moisture recycling dataset with a spatial resolution of 1°×1°to calculate the core precipitationshed for each grid.Furthermore,we identified potential hotspots for atmospheric water resource management with a relatively small core precipitationshed area(less than 1.25 million km^(2))and dominant moisture source from the same national territory(more than 95%).The smaller the precipitationshed area,the less area required to manage land use,and the less difficult it is to manage atmospheric water resources.In the core precipitationshed,the higher the moisture contribution ratio from land in the same nation,the larger potential for land cover change,through the development and implementation of land policies.Results show that central China,southeastern Russia,central Democratic Republic of Congo,southern Brazil,western Peru,northwestern USA,and western Canada have larger potential for managing atmospheric water resources.For the potential hotspots,we further analyzed their source and sink characteristics,including national boundaries,land cover,and population.Notably,we identified that China has the largest potential hotspot area for atmospheric water resource management.China not only has the largest and most concentrated core precipitationshed area with the moisture source region from the same national territory but also the most intensive human activities that greatly influence land use and water cycle in both local and downwind regions.This study provides a new perspective to understand China’s water resources in the framework of the global water cycle and has great potential to benefit the conservation and optimization of China’s integrated water resource management.
作者
张博美
高红凯
魏江峰
Bomei Zhang;Hongkai Gao;Jiangfeng Wei(School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第20期2678-2689,共12页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(42122002,42071081)资助
关键词
核心降水域
空中水资源
水汽循环
管理潜力
土地政策
core precipitationshed
atmospheric water resource
moisture recycling
management potential
land policy
作者简介
联系人:高红凯,E-mail:hkgao@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
