摘要
新中国三次农民扫盲运动是中华人民共和国成立后党和政府全面领导的一项面向广大农民群众的大规模文化解放与普及运动,是新中国文化建设的重要组成部分。在农村土地改革时期,农民扫盲运动主要以"冬学"尤其是"速成识字法"为主;1953年,农民扫盲运动逐渐向常年业余学校转变,通过配合合作化运动,将农民的学习与生产统一起来,逐步走向稳定;社会主义建设的大面积铺开对扫盲提出了更高要求,"注音识字法"成为农民扫盲运动最重要的法宝。总体上看,三次农民扫盲运动体现了先发展、后调整,边发展、边调整的特点。历年的坚持让新中国的文盲率从1949年的80%降低到1982年的22.8%,三次农民扫盲运动取得了历史性成就,发挥了历史性作用。
New China’s three peasant literacy campaigns were a large-scale cultural liberation and popularization campaign for the broad masses of peasants under the leadership of the party and the government after the founding of New China.They are an important part of the cultural construction of New China.During the rural land reform period,the peasant literacy campaign mainly focused on"winter learning",especially the"quick literacy";in 1953,the peasant literacy campaign gradually changed to a perennial amateur school,and through cooperation with the cooperative movement,farmers’learning and production Organize and gradually move towards stability;the large-scale spread of socialist construction puts forward higher requirements for literacy,and"phonetic literacy"has become the most important magic weapon of the peasant literacy movement.On the whole,the three peasant literacy campaigns embodied the characteristics of first development and then adjustment;development and adjustment at the same time.Perseverance over the years has reduced the illiteracy rate in New China from 80%in 1949 to 22.8%in 1982.The three peasant literacy campaigns have made historic achievements and played a historic role.
出处
《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期64-73,109,共11页
Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories
作者简介
范兴旺,上海社会科学院博士研究生。
