摘要
美国联邦最高法院对旨在保护女性堕胎权的“罗伊诉韦德案”的裁决产生了广泛而深远的国内政治、社会影响,标志着保守主义在当代美国的全面复兴和变革发展。作为美国自立国起最为传统的“元意识形态”,保守主义的当代演化植根于与罗斯福新政后兴起的现代自由主义的消长中,并逐渐形成了四方面主要内涵。第一,保守主义作为政治意识形态的核心是“反政治权力”,这是其传统信条并以里根革命为标志实现了当代复兴,在实践中表现为市场原教旨主义,是对现代自由主义在经济意义上的终结。第二,保守主义作为社会文化理念的核心是“反多元主义”,这也是其传统信条并以特朗普革命为标志实现了当代复兴,在实践中表现为白人至上思潮的兴起,是对现代自由主义在社会文化意义上的终结,其中“罗伊诉韦德案”裁决是一个重要节点。第三,保守主义作为民族国家象征的核心是“反全球主义”,这是其新兴内涵并以特朗普革命为兴起标志,在实践中表现为保护主义,标志着肇始于罗斯福的美国自由国际主义外交传统的式微。第四,保守主义作为政治哲学方法论的核心是“反激进变革”,但在特朗普革命影响下正逐步蜕变为“反进步变革”。当代美国保守主义的上述内涵及其发展将给美国政治、社会的走向带来重大而深远的影响。
The ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States on the case of Roe v.Wade,which aimed at protecting women’s right to abortion,has produced extensive and far-reaching domestic political and social impact,marking the comprehensive revival and transformation of conservatism in contemporary America.As the meta-ideology since the founding of the United States,the contemporary evolution of conservatism has gradually formed four main connotations in the rise and fall of modern liberalism after the New Deal.First of all,as the core of political ideology,conservatism is anti-political power,which is its traditional creed,and has realized the contemporary revival with the Reagan Revolution as the symbol.In practice,it is manifested as market fundamentalism,which is the end of modern liberalism in the economic sense.Secondly,as the core of social and cultural concepts,conservatism is antipluralism,which is also its traditional creed,and has achieved a contemporary revival marked by the Trump Revolution,which is manifested in the rise of white supremacy in practice and the end of modern liberalism in the social and cultural sense,in which the Roe v.Wade is an important node.Thirdly,the core of conservatism as a symbol of nation-state is anti-globalism,which is its emerging connotation,marked by the Trump Revolution and protectionism in practice,marking the decline of American liberal internationalism since the era of Roosevelt.Fourthly,conservatism as the core of political philosophy methodology,is anti-radical change,but under the influence of the Trump Revolution,it is gradually transforming into anti-progressive change.The above connotation and development of contemporary American conservatism will have a significant and far-reaching impact on the trend of American politics and society.
出处
《美国问题研究》
2022年第2期125-142,281-282,共20页
Fudan American Review
基金
2021年度马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目暨国家社科基金重大项目“美国国内政治和外交政策源头本质研究”(批准号:2021MZD012)子课题“美国国内政治源头本质研究”的阶段性成果
作者简介
王浩,复旦大学美国研究中心副教授
