摘要
《民法典》第10条中的“习惯”应当做广义上的理解,将其理解为“习惯法”理论上有矛盾、实践中操作难度大,另外“可以适用习惯”也表明了习惯的范围之广,需要法官筛选审查。习惯的效力自其产生时就已具备,但此时的效力只具有社会约束的属性,经过司法机关的认定和适用,才能最终进入司法程序,在民事纠纷中发挥习惯的约束力。通常法律的效力优先于习惯,但也存在特殊规定的情形,表现了法律在民商事行为中对意思自治的尊重。习惯在适用时缺少明确的具体标准、程序规则,不同法官作出的司法确认差异明显,对此需要进一步确定相关标准,通过基本条件、价值判断的限定对习惯进行识别筛选,完善适用的程序规则,提升法官的理解和适用能力,以更好地实现习惯的司法适用。
The“custom”in Article 10 of the Civil Code should be understood in a broad sense,which means that“customary law”is contradictory in theory and difficult to operate in practice.In addition,“applicable custom”also indicates the wide scope of custom,which needs to be screened and examined by judges.The effectiveness of the habit since its produced has been reached,but the effectiveness of only has the property of social constraints,and through the judicial organs of acknowledgment and applicable,can enter the judicial process,finally in the civil dispute habits.Usually the effectiveness of the law takes precedence over habits,but there are also special rules,shows the respect for the autonomy in the act of civil and commercial law.Accustomed to the lack of clear in their application specific standards,procedures,rules,obvious differences between the judge's judicial confirmation,this needs to be further to determine the related standards,through the basic condition,the limit of value judgment to identify screening of habits,perfect the applicable rules of procedure,improve the judge's ability to understand and apply,in order to better realize the habits of the judicial application.
作者
丁国峰
王紫娇
Ding Guofeng;Wang Zijiao
出处
《民间法》
2022年第2期261-277,共17页
基金
2020年度安徽省哲学社会科学规划重点项目课题“长三角区域一体化安徽更高质量发展的法治研究”(批准号:AHSKZ2020D27)
2021年度安徽大学欧洲联盟研究中心招标课题一般项目“基层社会治理法治化的西方经验与启示”(立项编号:EUAHU202101)的部分研究成果
关键词
习惯
习惯法
法律效力
司法适用
Custom
Customary law
Legal force
Judicial application
作者简介
丁国峰,法学博士,安徽大学法学院暨经济法制研究中心教授、博士生导师;王紫娇,法学硕士,安徽大学经济法制研究中心助理研究员。
