摘要
“习惯法”概念最初诞生在国内法语境下,将“习惯法”作为社会中独立的法律形式渊源,必须依托于宪法性规定。国际社会没有凌驾于主权之上的宪法性规范,习惯国际法不能直接获得作为国际法形式渊源的合法性。如果说国际法在性质上只能归为民间法,那么国家作为一个抽象实体,也无法像国内社会中自然人那样具有真正的心理状态,“默示同意”最初是实证主义对比条约中“明示同意”的拟制,“法律确信”需要首先对国际法存在“误解”,这都难以在合法性上自恰。因此,习惯国际法在国际社会并不真实存在,也不应当存在,它只是国际法院根据《国际法院规约》创造的裁断说辞和国际法学内部营造的抽象概念。
The concept of customary law was originally born in the context of domestic law,and to take customary law as an independent source of law,there must be a constitutional provision out there.The international community has no constitutional norms that overriding sovereignty,and customary international law cannot obtain legitimacy in this respect.If international law is considered as folk law in nature,then the state,which is only an abstract entity,cant have a real psychological state like natural persons.Tacit consent is the fiction of legal positivism,and opinion juris requires misunderstanding in the first place.Therefore,customary international law never exists,and it should not exist;it is legal parlance invented by ICJ according to its Statute and created as an abstract concept by the discipline of international law.
出处
《民间法》
2023年第2期81-97,共17页
基金
郑州大学科研启动基金项目“西方国际法史的文献梳理、法理研究和史观重构”(项目编号:32221047)
关键词
习惯法
习惯国际法
国际法理论
形式渊源
法律确信
Customary Law
Customary International Law
Theory of International Law
Formal Source
Opinio Juris
作者简介
汤岩,法学博士,郑州大学法学院国际法研究所讲师。
