摘要
汉字记录的并不一定就是汉语。汉语的历史文献中,"蔎"字记录了两个词,其一义为"草香",首见于汉代;其二义为"茶的别名",首见于唐代《茶经》,且被视为蜀西南方言词。本文认为这两个义项之间并无演变关系,并对蜀西南之所指作了重新厘清。通过考察历史文献中"蔎"的用法,发现"蔎"在明清时的重新启用是追求典雅的复古用法。从词源上讲,"蔎"可能是中国西南少数民族语借词,可与原始布朗语的*lha"叶子"联系起来。"蔎"记录的借词通过"汉字的过滤"机制进入汉语词汇系统,与其他同义词产生竞争,但由于其路径受限,进而体现在语言使用上受限,最终退出日常词汇系统。
The language recorded in Chinese characters is not necessarily Chinese.In Chinese historical documents,the character she蔎represents two words.One indicates‘pleasant smell of herbs’,which appeared in the Han dynasty,and the other is an alternative name of tea,which,as a dialect word from the Southwest of Shu蜀,was seen in Tea Classic of the Tang dynasty for the first time.This paper argues that the two words are not related,and in the meanwhile,clarifies the scope of the Southwest of Shu.Based on the examination of its usage in historical documents,it is found that the character she蔎was reactivated for an elegant expression during the Ming-Qing period.Etymologically,it may be a loanword of*lha■’leaf‘from the Blang language,a minority language in Southwest China.This loanword entered Chinese vocabulary via the filtering mechanism of Chinese characters,and competed with other synonyms for‘tea’.However,destined by its etymological source,its usage was restricted to written Chinese in general.Finally,it falls out of the Chinese vocabulary.
作者
汪锋
殷玥
WANG Feng;YIN Yue
出处
《民族语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期107-113,共7页
Minority Languages of China
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“语言变异和接触机制研究(19JJD740001)”
汉语国际推广办公室项目资助(7250200144)
北京大学中文系项目“茶史研究工作坊”等的资助
关键词
蔎
借词
汉字过滤
词汇竞争
she蔎
loanword
filtering mechanism of Chinese characters
lexical competition
