摘要
美国侵权法中的注意义务是相对性义务,这是学界共识。但美国一系列学者的主张、历次《侵权法重述》以及司法实践表明,美国的侵权法一直在践行着注意义务的一般化,《第三次侵权法重述:实体与精神损害责任》"推定有义务"的默认模式是集中体现。过于具体化的义务与义务之违反难以区分、被保护权益的不断扩张、特殊关系之要求在风险社会的过时、两大法系的逐步融合,都促进注意义务一般化的进程。鉴于各国注意义务发展模式的背景差异和我国《侵权责任法》一般条款模式之现状,中国侵权法应顺应注意义务一般化的潮流,区分注意义务与注意义务之违反,将"违反注意义务"置于侵权责任判断的关键地位,进而反思注意义务在中国侵权法中的价值。
The duty of care in American tort law is a relative obligation,which is a consensus in the academic circles.However,a series of American scholars’claims,previous restatements of tort law and judicial practice show that American tort law has been practicing the generalization of duty of care.The default mode of"presumption of duty"in the third restatement of tort law is its concentrated expression.The obscurity between specific obligation and obligation violation,the continuous expansion of protected rights and interests,the outdated requirements of special relationship in risk society,and the gradual integration of the two legal systems all promote the process of generalization of duty of care.In view of the background differences of the development mode of the duty of care in various countries and the current situation of the general clause mode of China’s tort liability law,China’s tort law should follow the trend of the generalization of the duty of care,distinguish the duty of care from the breach of the duty of care,place the"breach of duty of care"in the key position of the judgment of tort liability,and then reflect on the value of the duty of care in China’s tort law.
作者
董春华
DONG Chunhua(East China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2020年第2期130-142,208,共14页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国侵权责任法改革研究”(16JJD820015)阶段性成果
作者简介
董春华(1980-),青岛人,法学博士,华东政法大学科学研究院副研究员。研究方向为比较民商法。
