民事审限之“双高”悖论及其司法化构建被引量：6

The “Double High” Paradox of Time Limit in Civil Trial and Its Procedural Construction

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摘要审限监管是我国法院审判管理的关键一环。作为法定的程序制度,审限在提升司法效率的同时却成为司法竞争的工具,隐性超审限是法官面对审限考核压力的策略性应对方式。从内生性财政激励到行政化监控,审限的法律定位因司法工作重心的转移而变动不居,加之程序规则设置缺陋,最终引发民事审限实践的"双高"悖论。回归诉讼期间制度之本质,审限与训示期间具有同构性,然而,由于审限内置于当事人主义诉讼模式之中,因此其具有复合性期间效果。民事审限制度的司法化构建应当以当事人的程序参与权与法官的诉讼指挥权之间的相互制衡为核心观照,在肯认审限异议权的前提下,通过异议提出、异议审查和异议权舍弃等具体程序规则的设置得到实现。此外,在超审限引发权益严重受损的情形下,应畅通当事人寻求国家赔偿的救济途径。 Time limit for case hearing is the key to the trial management of courts in China.As a legal system of civil procedure,the time limit for case hearing can not only improve the judicial efficiency,but also become a tool of judicial competition.Exceeding time for case hearing recessively is the strategic response of judges to the pressure of examination.From endogenous financial incentive to administrative supervision,the legal status of the time limit for case hearing changes constantly due to the shift of the focus of judicial work.The above reasons and the imperfect of procedural rules lead to the"double high"paradox in the practice of the time limit for case hearing.From the essence of litigation period,the time limit for case hearing is similar to the period of instruction.However,because of the time limit for case hearing under the mode of litigant action,it has the effects with composite attributes.The core of the procedural construction of the time limit for case hearing lies in the balance between the parties’rights of procedural participation and the judge’s orders in litigation.And on the premise of admitting the right of dissent for procedural period,the time limit for case hearing in civil procedure is realized through the construction of specific procedures,which including the proposal of objection,the review of objection and the abandonment of the right of objection.Moreover,in the case of serious damage to rights and interests caused by exceeding the procedural period,it is necessary to unblock the way for the both parties to seek the state compensation.

作者郑涛

机构地区武汉大学法学院

出处《法制与社会发展》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第5期156-175,共20页 Law and Social Development

关键词民事审限制度 “双高”悖论审限竞争审限异议国家赔偿 Time Limit for Case Hearing "Double High"Paradox Judicial Competition Based on Time Limit for Case Hearing Dissent for Procedural Period State Compensation

分类号 D925.1 [政治法律—诉讼法学]

作者简介郑涛武汉大学法学院讲师。