摘要
近些年来,筛查遗传疾病的胚胎产前诊断技术应用在我国越来越普遍,越来越多的相关基因纳入了医疗机构的诊断和筛查范围。我国《民法典》第一千零九条规定从事与人体基因、人体胚胎等有关的医学和科研活动不得违背“伦理道德”。“伦理道德”主要是指医学伦理领域的基本规范性原则,其中包含自主、受益、禁止伤害以及正义四项基本原则。由于对胚胎的基因优化筛选涉及亲子两方,亲子美德伦理为受益原则提供了健全有力的解释。受益原则涵盖亲子双方,以实现子女蓬勃焕发的人生为目标。这一目标既包含子女个体的福祉或幸福,也包含亲子关系上的独立平等。在这种理解下,超越疾病治疗和预防目的的基因优化筛选违反了《民法典》规定的“伦理道德”要求,为法律所禁止。
Recently,prenatal diagnostic techniques for embryos for screening genetic diseases has become very common in China,and more and more related genes have been included in the diagnosis and screening of medical institutions.Article 1009 of Civil Code stipulates that medical and scientific research activities related to human genes and human embryos must not violate“ethics and morals”.“Ethics and morals”here mainly refer to the fundamental normative principles in bio and medical ethics,including four basic principles of autonomy,beneficence,non-maleficence and justice.Since the genetic screening of embryos involves both parent and child,parental virtue ethics provides a sound and powerful explanation for the benefit principle.The principle of benefit should cover both parents and children,with the goal of children’s flourishing life,which not only includes the children’s well-being or lifelong happiness,but also includes the independent and equal relationship within the parent-child relationship.Under this understanding,genetic screening for optimization that goes beyond disease treatment and prevention violates the“ethical and moral”requirements stipulated in the Civil Code and should be prohibited by law.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期153-167,共15页
Law and Social Development
基金
吉林大学“新文科”创新团队项目“生物技术应用于人体的伦理与法律问题研究”(2021XWK05)的阶段性成果
关键词
基因筛查
基因改进
生物伦理
受益原则
美德伦理
Genetic Screening
Genetic Enhancement
Bioethics
Principle of Beneficence
Virtue Ethics
作者简介
王凌皞,浙江大学光华法学院副教授。
