摘要
金融制裁是一种“高烈度”的经济制裁。自美国成为这个世界上唯一的超级霸权国家之后,金融制裁便一直是其推行外交政策的重要工具。美国的对外金融制裁具有制裁对象较为普遍、制裁方法较为宽泛、制裁目的较为利己、制裁时间较为无限等特征。美国的对外金融制裁在性质上具有不对称的单边性,其本质就是要维护美国的霸权。以制裁方法为视角来对美国的对外金融制裁进行实体性法理分析,我们可以看到,美国的对外金融制裁包括了冻结资产、没收资产、禁止金融交易、限制投融资、第三方制裁、停止金融援助等方法,而该些方法反映了美国对外金融制裁具有可单独发挥作用、执行难度小、更符合“聪明制裁”战略实施等功效。以制裁运行机制为视角来对美国的对外金融制裁进行程序性法理分析,我们可以看到,美国的对外金融制裁形成了决策——监管——执行这一较为完备、先进的运行体系和机制流程。面对将来有可能遭受到的来自美国的金融制裁之威胁,我国应该坚持以联合国安理会为主导机构,限制美国对外金融制裁方法的滥用;不断提升金融管理水平,寻找美国金融制裁的漏洞;健全自身的法律制度体系,增强应对美国金融制裁的抗压力;同时还可采取一定程度的对等举措。
Financial sanction is a kind of“high intensity”economic sanction.Since the United States became the only superpower in the world,financial sanctions have been an important tool of its foreign policy.The foreign financial sanctions of the United States are characterized by general targets,broad methods,self-interest,and no time limit.The foreign financial sanctions of the United States are asymmetrical and unilateral in nature,and their essence is to maintain the hegemony of the United States.From the perspective of sanctions methods,this paper conducts substantive jurisprudence analysis on the foreign financial sanctions imposed by the United States.It can be seen that the foreign financial sanctions of the United States include freezing and confiscation of assets,prohibition of financial transactions,restricting investment and financing,third-party sanctions and cessation of financial aid.These methods show that the US external financial sanctions can work alone,less difficult to implement and conforming to the implementation of“smart sanctions”strategy.From the perspective of the operating mechanism of sanctions,this paper analyzes the procedural jurisprudence of the foreign financial sanctions implemented by the United States.We can see that its foreign financial sanctions consists of a relatively complete and advanced operating process of decision-making,supervision and implementation.Facing the possible threat of financial sanctions from the United States in the future,China should take the following moves:adhering to the United Nations Security Council as the leading body to limit the abuse of financial sanctions by the United States;constantly improving the level of financial management;looking for loopholes in the United States financial sanctions;improving our own legal system;strengthening the anti-pressure to deal with the US financial sanctions;pursuing a certain degree of reciprocity.
作者
周汉民
黄骅
Zhou Hanmin;Huang Hua
出处
《海关与经贸研究》
2022年第1期1-13,共13页
Journal of Customs and Trade
关键词
经济制裁
金融制裁
美国对外政策
中美关系
Economic Sanction
Financial Sanction
American Foreign Policy
China-US Relations
作者简介
周汉民,华东政法大学博士生导师、教授,上海市政协副主席、民建中央副主席;黄骅,华东政法大学国际法学院博士研究生。
