保险损失分摊原则之适用

Application of the Principle of Insurance Loss Apportionment

导出

摘要保险为风险管理的重要手段之一,损失分摊原则,是重复保险情形下保险人如何承担责任的一项基本原则。损失分摊原则的适用问题,包括内部关系与外部关系两个方面。从损失分摊的内部关系来看,因消极财产保险无从估计保险标的之价值,采用最大责任计算法,将因被保险人订立其他保险契约金额之不同而影响其应负责之额度,因此,最大责任制无法适用于消极财产保险;积极财产保险中,独立责任计算法遵从各保险契约之独立性,将各保险契约之免责额、分担额等因素考虑在内,使得保险人之间的损失分摊更为周全。因此,损失分摊的内部关系中,应采独立责任计算法。从损失分摊的外部关系来看,通过比较三种不同的立法模式,分析民法上多数债务人之债中按份之债与连带之债区分的理论基础,认为对于数保险人与被保险人间的外部关系,分摊方式以连带赔付主义为宜,其正当性体现在对于损失补偿原则的服膺,以及连带赔付主义对保险消费者合法权益的保护等方面。 Insurance is one of the important means of risk management,loss allocation principle,is a basic principle of how to assume the responsibility of the insurer in the case of repeated insurance.The application of the principle of loss allocation includes two aspects:internal relation and external relation.From the perspective of the internal relationship of loss allocation,the negative property insurance cannot estimate the value of the subject matter insured,so the maximum liability calculation method will affect the amount of liability due to the difference of the insured’s other insurance contracts.Therefore,the maximum liability system cannot be applied to the negative property insurance.In active property insurance,the independent liability calculation method follows the independence of each insurance contract and takes into account the exemption and share of each insurance contract,so as to make the loss apportionment among insurers more comprehensive.Therefore,in the internal relation of loss apportionment,independent liability calculation method should be adopted.From the point of the external relations of loss apportion,by comparing three different legislative model,on the analysis of the civil law in the majority of the debt of the debtor to distinguish between of debt and the debt of joint according to the theoretical basis,think to count the insurer and the insured the external relations of the world,share the way with the advisable,jointly and severally paid its legitimacy embodies the correspond to the principles of compensation for loss,as well as the joint compensation doctrine of insurance consumers’legal rights and interests protection.

作者郭梦圆 Guo Mengyuan

机构地区中南财经政法大学

出处《私法》 2020年第1期398-421,共24页 Private Law Review

关键词损失分摊重复保险损失补偿多数人之债保险消费者保护 Loss Allocation Duplicate Insurance Compensation for Loss The Debt of the Majority Insurance Consumer Protection

分类号 D922.284 [政治法律—经济法学]

作者简介郭梦圆(1995—),中南财经政法大学博士研究生,主要研究方向为经济法学。