摘要
《民法典》第1232条在将惩罚性赔偿制度引入环境侵权领域的同时,也留下了较大的制度解释空间。《民法典》中新增加的生态环境损害能否同环境私益损害一样主张惩罚性赔偿,法律规定并不明确,学术界也存在一定分歧。理论上,依法适用惩罚性赔偿主要在于体现或发挥其惩罚侵权人、遏制侵权行为、激励受害人起诉、凭借私法机制实现公共行政规制四大功能。鉴于我国生态文明体制改革过程中创设的生态环境损害赔偿制度有其特殊性。结合既有改革方案和法律制度体系,如果在生态环境损害中引入惩罚性赔偿,不仅无法实现或发挥上述四大功能,反而会使制度的实施出现的合法性危机。因此,生态环境损害不应适用惩罚性赔偿。
Article 1232 of civil code introduces the system of punitive damages into the field of environmental tort.But it also leaves a large space for Institutional Interpretation.Especially,whether the newly added ecological environment damage in the civil code can claim punitive compensation as the general environmental private interest damage is not clear in the law,and there are some differences in academic circles.In theory,the application of punitive damages mainly embodies four major functions,such as punishing infringers,curbing torts,encouraging victims to sue,and realizing public administrative regulation by virtue of private law mechanism.In view of this,the ecological environment damage compensation system created in the process of China’s ecological civilization system reform has its particularity.Combined with the existing reform program and legal system,if punitive damages are introduced into the ecological environment damage,it will not only fail to achieve or play the above four functions,but also cause greater and more legitimacy crisis in the implementation of the system.Therefore,the punitive compensation should not be applied to ecological environment damage.
出处
《盛京法律评论》
2020年第2期26-42,共17页
Shengjing Law Review
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“生态文明与环境治理机制变革研究”(批准号:19JJD820005)
辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“全面依法治国背景下的循环经济核心法构造研究”(L2018CFX004)的阶段性成果
关键词
生态环境损害
惩罚性赔偿
《民法典》
制度功能
Ecological Environment Damage
Punitive Damage
Civil Code
System Function
作者简介
刘佳奇,辽宁大学法学院副教授,研究方向:环境资源法学。
