摘要
我国现行有关惩罚性赔偿之规定纷繁复杂,呈扩大趋势,包括附加于合同责任与侵权责任的惩罚性赔偿。《合同法》第113条第2款通过引致将《消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)第55条1款纳入合同责任中,其功能将由《民法典》第128条承载。惩罚性赔偿在合同被撤销、解除或宣告无效等情形亦可适用。合同责任之惩罚性赔偿适用于提供商品和提供服务两类合同。合同责任之惩罚性赔偿的理解适用与体系建构,应借鉴《民法典》第1185、1207、1232条蕴含的惩罚性赔偿之一般性要件及其与特别法的分工、协调。《消法》第55条1款符合惩罚性赔偿经典理论,为一般性规定。如案情不符合《食品安全法》规定的10倍赔偿、《旅游法》上的1-3倍赔偿等特殊规定,但符合《消法》第55条第1款时,法官释明后,应考虑一般规则的适用,不宜直接驳回。
The current provisions of punitive damages in China are complex and expanding. Punitive damages include punitive damages attached to contract liability and tort liability. The article 113(2)of the Contract Law is only a leading norm, and its function will be carried by article 128 of Civil Code. Therefore, punitive damages can also be applied in the case of cancellation, dissolution or invalidation of contract. The punitive damages of contract liability are applicable to the two types of contracts for the provision of goods and services. The understanding, application and system construction of punitive damages of contract liability should refer to the general elements of punitive damages contained in articles 1185, 1207 and 1232 of Civil Code and the division and coordination with special laws. Article 55(1) of the Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of consumers conforms to the classical theory of punitive damages and is a general provision. If the case does not conform to the special provisions such as 10 times of compensation stipulated in the Food Safety Law and 1-3 times of compensation in the Tourism Law, but in line with Article 55(1)of the Consumer Law, the judge should consider the application of the general rules after the interpretation, and should not directly reject it.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期25-40,共16页
Law Review
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾之大调解制度研究”(项目编号:20AZD083)的阶段性成果。
关键词
《民法典》
合同责任
惩罚性赔偿
提供商品合同
提供服务合同
Civil Code
Contractual Liability
Punitive Damages
Contract to Provide Goods
Contract to Provide Service
作者简介
张红,武汉大学法学院教授。
