摘要
通过对大量真实文本语料的考察,本文发现:汉语愿望句的事实性会受到"真、多、多么"等感叹副词的影响。具体地说,在特定条件下,感叹副词能够使一般愿望句变为反事实或低事实愿望句;并且,在绝大多数情况下,感叹副词能推动或加强愿望句的反事实意义。感叹副词对反事实意义的推动作用与感叹句的性质有关,它削弱了句子的信息,从而使听话人通过语用推理得到反事实解读。
The facticity of wishes in Mandarin is influenced by adverbs such as zhen(真)and duo(me)(多(么)).In certain situations,these adverbs can turn ordinary wishes into counterfactual(or future less vivid)wishes,and in most cases,such adverbs can push the sentence to produce or strengthen the counterfactual meaning.The advancing effect of these adverbs on counterfactuality is related to exclamation,which weakens the information of the sentence,so that the listener can obtain counterfactual meaning through pragmatic inference.As the counterfactual meaning is derived from pragmatic inference and the counterfactuality can be dispelled by context,these adverbs are not real counterfactual markers.
作者
鞠晨
袁毓林
Ju Chen;Yuan Yulin
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期452-465,共14页
Chinese Teaching in the World
基金
国家科技创新2030“新一代人工智能”重大项目“以自然语言为核心的语义理解理论、模型与方法”(项目编号:2020AAA0106701)
国家社科基金重大项目“基于‘互联网+’的国际汉语教学资源与智慧教育平台研究”(项目编号:18ZDA295)的资助
关键词
感叹副词
愿望句
事实性
反事实意义
语用推理
exclamatory adverbs
wishes
facticity
counterfactual meaning
pragmatic inference
作者简介
鞠晨,女,北京大学中国语言文学系博士研究生,现代汉语专业。Email:juchen727@163.com;袁毓林,男,北京大学中文系教授,博士生导师。主要研究理论语言学和汉语语言学,特别是句法学、语义学、语用学、计算语言学和中文信息处理。Email:yuanyl@pku.edu.cn
