摘要
前人在党项语声韵格局的框架下构拟宋代西北方音,未能充分再现党项人所说汉语口语的实情。本文改用"系联法"整理西夏文献中的汉语译音资料,对此前的结论提出以下修正意见:1)中古微疑影喻四个声母重新组合为j-、w-和?-,而不是前人构拟的■-、■-等;2)全部二等字都没有前人构拟的i介音,三四等也有少量字不带i介音;3)部分中古合口字不带u介音;4)中古阳声韵重新组合为三类,分别带零韵尾和-n、-?两个鼻韵尾,而不是前人构拟的鼻化元音韵;5)元音舌位大都比前人估计的略低,即前人构拟的u和o实际分别是o和?。修正后的结论更加接近党项人口中的汉语,尽管这种特殊的"方言"在党项音韵系统的制约下出现了若干变异,但其主要特征仍然反映了晋语的早期面貌。许多字音在当代山西方言各片中都可以找到相同或相近的形式。
In previous studies,the phonological system of Northwestern Chinese dialects of the 12th century was reconstructed based on the phonological system of Tangut.But such a system fails to demonstrate the overall linguistic facts about Tangut Chinese(the Chinese spoken by the Tangut people).By studying the fanqie(反切)of Chinese words in historical Tangut texts,this paper suggests that:Firstly,the mj-,■-,■-and■-in Middle Chinese should be reconstructed as j-,w-and■-instead of the?-and■-in previous reconstruction;Secondly,all words of the second division and some from the third and fourth divisions did not contain the medial-i-as has been reconstructed by previous scholars;Thirdly,some words with the feature[+rounded]did not contain the medial-u-;Fourthly,words with-m,-n,-ng in Middle Chinese should be recategorized into three groups:those with zero finals,those with-n,and those with-?;Fifthly,the place of articulation of vowels should be slightly lower than the place of articulation suggested by previous scholars,thus the previously reconstructed u and o should actually be o and?.The revised phonological system proposed in this paper can better exhibit the Tangut Chinese spoken in history.Besides,although there were inevitably further sound changes in later times,historical Tangut Chinese and contemporary Jin dialects exhibit many similar(or even the same)features.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期238-253,256,共17页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“西夏文学文献的汇集、整理与研究”(17ZDA264)
国家社会科学基金“冷门绝学”研究专项“学术团队”项目“基于汉语通语与方言研究的番汉对音数据库建设”(20VJXT016)
关键词
党项
西夏
方言
语音
晋语
Tangut
Xixia
dialect
phonology
Jin dialects
作者简介
聂鸿音,nhy54116@sina.com
