摘要
海昏侯刘贺墓“孔子衣镜”上的“蜚虡”神兽,是汉人所信仰的华夏神兽“麒麟”。它以“白麟”为本体而兼容“黄龙”特征的神化形象,不仅是汉武帝以来“五行”理论渗透于汉代社会的必然结果,也事实吸收了麒麟通常毛色、阴阳相生之道、艺术创作潮流、现实功用需求与民族共存相安这些时代的合理因素。所以,被置于“五行”之中的“蜚虡”,实则特指兼容有“黄龙”形象并匹配为“勾陈”星象的神化“黄麟”。它的存在,既是西汉中期阴阳五行观念与祥瑞意识盛行的反映,又是汉武帝将之运用于政治并影响汉人生活的体现,也是中华民族共同体意识已经形成的物证。
The mythical animal“Feiju”on the“Confucius Clothes Mirror”of Liu He’s tomb,is the Chinese mythical animal“Qilin”which was believed by the Han people.It takes“Bailin”as its noumenon and is compatible with the“yellow dragon”.This is not only the inevitable result of the penetration of the“five elements”theory into the society of the Han Dynasty since Emperor Wu,but also the result that it has absorbed the reasonable factors of the times,such as the usual fur color of Qilin,the Yin-yang theory,the trend of artistic creation,the needs of practical functions and the nations coexistence and live in peace with each other.Therefore,“Feiju”on the“Confucius Clothes Mirror”,which is placed in the“five elements”,in fact,it specifically refers to the deified“Huang Lin”who is compatible with the image of“Yellow Dragon”and is matched to the“outline”aspect astrology.Its existence is not only a reflection of the prevalence of the concept of Yin Yang and Five Elements and the sense of auspicious omen in the middle Western Han Dynasty but also a reflection of the application of it to politics and the influence on the life of Han people by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.It is also material evidence of the formation of the consciousness of the Chinese national community.
基金
江西省文化名家暨“四个一批”人才工程青年英才配套项目“海昏侯刘贺墓‘孔子衣镜’纹饰的历史内涵解读”的阶段性成果
关键词
神兽
海昏侯墓
麒麟
黄龙
民族共同体
Mythical animals
Haihun Marquis Tomb
Qilin
Yellow Dragon
National community
作者简介
何丹,历史学博士,南昌大学人文学院副教授、硕导,江西省青年英才,主要研究方向为先秦秦汉史。
