约定优先购买权的类型化与规则构建被引量：1

The Categorization and Rule Construction of the Right of First Refusal

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摘要我国《民法典》未对约定优先购买权规则进行明确规定,但当事人按照意思自治原则而约定的先买权应具有效力。在当事人约定不明时,我国《民法典》第726条以下的法定先买权规范有准用空间。形成权视野下的约定先买合同具有双重独立性,既独立于租赁合同等前合同,又独立于买卖合同即后合同。根据先买合同中是否存在对后合同价款的明确约定,可以进一步将先买权进行限制性与非限制性的类型化区分,该类型化在通知义务内容和同等条件的认定上具有意义。限制性先买合同与预约合同存在重大区别。独立的先买合同本身不产生具有牵连性的主给付义务,而仅为权利人设立附条件的形成权。在先买情形出现时,负担人应当及时履行通知义务,权利人凭借单方意思表示在其与负担人之间成立买卖合同。约定先买合同不具有对抗第三人的效力,负担人可以选择履行后合同或第三人合同并承担“一物二卖”的责任。 The rules on the right of first refusal are not expressly provided for in the Civil Code of China,however,the right of first refusal agreed by the parties in accordance with the principle of autonomy of will shall have effect.When the parties’agreement is unclear,there is room for applying the statutory right of first refusal under Article 726 of Civil Code of China by analogy.The contract on the right of first refusal from the perspective of the right of formation enjoys double independence,both from previous contracts such as the lease contract and from the contract of sale,namely the subsequent contract.According to the fact that whether there is the clear stipulation on the price of the subsequent contract in the contract on the right of first refusal,the right of first refusal may be further categorized into restrictive one and non-restrictive one,and such categorization is of significance in the content of the obligation to give the notice and the determination of equivalent conditions.There is a significant difference between a contract on restrictive right of first refusal and a preliminary contract.An independent contract on the right of first refusal does not in itself create the related primary obligation of performance,but only a conditional right of formation for the right holder.When a situation for exercising the right of first refusal arises,the obligor shall perform the duty to give a timely notice and the right holder makes a contract of sale concluded between himself and the obligor by means of his unilateral expression of intent.The contract on the right of first refusal is not effective against a third party,and the obligor may choose to perform the subsequent contract,or perform the contract with a third-party and thus assume the liability for that"one thing is sold to two buyers".

作者吴训祥 WU Xunxiang

机构地区北京大学法学院

出处《政治与法律》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第6期96-110,共15页 Political Science and Law

关键词优先购买权限制性非限制性预约合同同等条件 Right of First Refusal Restrictive Non-restrictive Preliminary Contract Equivalent Conditions

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介吴训祥,北京大学法学院博士后研究人员、法学博士。