不真正不作为犯的排他性要件:理论勘误与功能重塑被引量：7

On Exclusivity Requirement of Derivative Omission Offence:Theoretical Correction and Functional Reconstruction

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摘要关于不真正不作为犯的不法构造,有排他性要件必要说和排他性要件不要说之争。排他性要件不要说曲解或者片面理解作为犯和不真正不作为犯的等置性,而当前的排他性要件必要说则混淆了不同层次等置性问题。作为犯和不真正不作为犯共置于同一条款,两者之间应当在法益侵害的支配及其程度上有等置性。作为犯的行为支配在本质上是对因果进程的支配。由此,不真正不作为犯也应具有因果进程支配性。因果进程支配性由危险的禁止性和危险的严重性共同构筑。排他性要件的功能在于确证法益处于严重危险的境地,应视为不真正不作为犯的正犯性根据。在欠缺或者解除排他性的场合,不成立不真正不作为犯的单独正犯和共同正犯,但有可能成立狭义共犯。过失不作为犯的正犯性较为缓和,不必以排他性为限制要件。关于排他性要件的具体判断,应当遵循假定的盖然性规则,对法益侵害的隐蔽性、第三人的救助难度等因素做全面审查。 As for the unlawfulness structure of derivative omission offence,there is debate between the doctrine of the necessity of exclusivity requirement and the doctrine of non-necessity of exclusivity requirement.The latter misinterpret or have a one-sided understanding of the equivalence between offence by action and offence by omission,while the current doctrine of the necessity of exclusivity requirement confuses the issues over equivalency at different levels.The offence by action and the offence by omission are set forth in the same provision,so they should enjoy equivalence in terms of dominance over and seriousness of the harm to legal interests.The dominance of the conduct of offence by action is in essence the dominance over the causal process.Therefore,the offence by omission should have dominance over the casual process.The dominance over causal process is composed of the prohibition of danger and the seriousness of danger.The function of exclusivity requirement is to confirm that the legal interest is in a situation of serious danger,thus it should be regarded as the foundation for the perpetratorship of derivative omission offence.In a situation where there is no exclusivity or such exclusivity disappears,no independent perpertratorship or joint perpetratorship of derivative omission offence exist,but it is possible to constitute a second participation in the narrow sense.The perpertratorship of negligent offence by omission is relatively mild,so it is not necessary to take exclusivity as the restrictive requirement.Regarding the specific determination of exclusivity requirement,the presumptive probability rule should be followed and examination of factors such as concealment of harm to legal interest,the degree of difficulty in the rescue by a third party should be carried out.

作者邓毅丞 DENG Yicheng

机构地区华南师范大学法学院

出处《政治与法律》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第7期132-148,共17页 Political Science and Law

基金 2019年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“帮助行为正犯化的正当性困境与司法应对研究”(项目编号:19NDJC056YB)的阶段性成果

关键词不真正不作为犯因果进程支配排他性要件等置性正犯 Derivative Omission Offence Dominance in Causal Process Exclusivity Requirement Equivalence Perpetrator

分类号 D924.1 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介邓毅丞,华南师范大学法学院副教授、法学博士。