摘要
英语母语者在说话时倾向于把与说过的词音近的词“拉长”,即增加该词发音时值。许多学者已从“交流”与“机械”的角度解释了这种现象。近来,有学者为这种现象增加了“听觉记忆”角度的考量。本文旨在探究听觉记忆是否导致二语发音延长以及汉语声调的听觉记忆是否有发音延长效应。本研究采用启动范式,包含三组实验:实验一让被试发出有音段重叠的相近英语词,实验二让被试产出音段序列与声调都相同的字,实验三让被试产出音段序列相同但声调不同的汉字。尤其对于实验三,如果声调听觉记忆无效,启动字将使目标字缩短,有效则反之。我们通过对比每一音段重叠与音节两次测量的时长验证是否产生了延长效应。实验一结果显示,中国英语学习者产出相近的二语音段序列时会延长该序列重叠部分;实验二结果表明,用音段和声调完全相同的汉语音节启动,目标项产出的发音缩短;实验三结果说明,声调听觉记忆会导致同音不同调汉字延长。此外,本研究证明了延长现象发生在重叠音段内,并提出发音潜伏期与音长正相关的假设。
English speakers tend to increase the duration of a word when it is phonologically like a previously produced word.Many researchers have accounted for this phenomenon from either a“communicative”or“mechanistic”viewpoint.A recent study added an auditory memory perspective to these theories.This article investigated whether auditory memory could lead to L2 speech lengthening and whether the auditory memory of Mandarin tones had a similar lengthening effect.This study included three experiments using a priming paradigm.Participants were prompted to produce English words with a phonological cohort in Experiment 1.The production of Chinese singlecharacter words identical in both sequence and tones were elicited from participants in Experiment 2,and those phonemically identical but tonally different were elicited in Experiment 3.Experiment 3 was designed to test whether the prime word would cause the target word to shorten if tonal auditory memory had no identifiable effect.We examined the durations of segment overlaps in English production and the durations of syllables in Chinese production to detect whether the target was lengthened than the prime.Results in Experiment 1 showed that Chinese learners of English did lengthen the segment overlap when producing similar English sequences.Results in Experiment 2 showed that Chinese syllable auditory memory accelerated the production of duration in identical syllables.Results in Experiment 3 revealed that the tonal auditory memory triggered the lengthening of Chinese words with an identical syllable structure,but in different tones.Moreover,this study suggests that the lengthening happens within the phonological overlap,and a hypothesis about the positive correlation between production latency and duration is proposed.
作者
李叙辰
刘彬
LI Xuchen;LIU Bin
出处
《中国语音学报》
2021年第1期92-100,共9页
Chinese Journal of Phonetics
关键词
听觉记忆
音段序列
汉语声调
发音延长
时长
Auditory memory
Segment sequences
Chinese tones
Lengthening
Duration
作者简介
李叙辰,中国科学院大学外语系,硕士研究生,研究兴趣为二语音系学、心理语言学。E-mail:lixuchen19@mails.ucas.ac.cn;刘彬,中国科学院大学外语系,教授,研究方向为语音学与语音教学。E-mail:liu_bin@ucas.ac.cn
