摘要
汉语是一种声调语言。文章从三方面总结了汉语声调加工的脑神经机制研究:1)声调加工是语言性质,还是语音性质;2)声调加工和音段音位加工的异同;3)声调加工与语调加工的异同。首先,汉语声调加工是语言性质,虽然有右脑的参与,但主要表现为左脑偏侧化。其次,汉语声调是一个独立的语音单位,声调加工与音段音位加工的脑神经机制存在一定程度的分离。最后,声调加工与语调加工在脑神经机制上有一定相似性也有很大不同,虽然汉语语调加工主要是语言性质,但存在明显的语音性质。
Chinese is a tonal language.Unlike non-tone language,such as English,Chinese tone is essential to distinguishing the semantic information of Chinese characters.The article summarizes the studies on the brain mechanism of Chinese tonal processing in three aspects：the tonal processing is linguistic or phonological processing;the differences between the processing of segmental phonemes and suprasegmental phonemes（tone）;the differences between the processing of tone and intonation.Firstly,the Chinese tonal processing is linguistic and shows a left hemisphere lateralization though the right hemisphere is also involved.According to the brain mapping researches（fMRI/PET）,Chinese speakers generally exhibit activation in the left hemispheric regions such as the left inferior frontal gyrus（IFG）,the middle frontal gyrus（MFG）,and the inferior parietal lobule（IPL） etc.（Gandour,2006a; Gandour,et al.,2000）,during the processing of Chinese tone,while English speakers more likely exhibit activation in the right hemispheric regions.ERP studies also find that the processing of Chinese tone can elicit significant N400（Schmidt, Gonzalez, 2004;Li,Yang, Hagoort,2008）,which is widely considered to be a typical ERP component representing semantic conflict. Furthermore,the left hemisphere lateralization of Chinese tone is limited to native Chinese speakers.Chinese tone is more likely to be processed as phonological information by individuals who speak another tonal language,such as the Tai language（Gandour,et al., 2000）.In this case,the processing of Chinese tone elicit activation in the right hemisphere.Secondly,Chinese tone is an independent phonological unit and tonal processing is disassociated,to some degree,from the processing of segmental phonemes in the brain mechanism.On one hand,the processing of Chinese tone involves more right hemispheric areas in comparison with the processing of segmental phonemes（Gandour,Xu,et al.,2003）,though both of them appear to be left hemisphere lateralization.On the other hand,ERPs related to tonal processing and segmental phoneme processing are elicited in the similar latency（Schirmer,et al.,2005; Schmidt, Gonzalez,2004）,but the effects of segmental phoneme related ERPs last longer than that of tone related ERPs （Schmidt, Gonzalez,2004）.Finally,tonal processing was similar to the processing of intonation in the brain mechanism but the latter involves more phonological processing.Like the processing of tone,the processing of intonation also shows a left hemisphere lateralization.Chinese participants perform a stronger left hemispheric activation during the processing of intonation in Chinese, compared with English participants（Tong,et al.,2005;Gandour,et al.,2004）.However,the processing of intonation exhibits more activation in the right hemispheric regions than that of tone（Gandour,2007;Gandour,et al.,2007）.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期196-200,共5页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目(教外司留[2007]1108号)
西南大学基础心理学国家级重点学科项目(NKSF08003)的资助
关键词
声调
音段音位
超音段音位
脑神经机制
tone
segmental phoneme
suprasegmental phoneme
brain mechanism
作者简介
通讯作者：徐展。E—mail：xuzhan@swu．edu．cn
