12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight...12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight,cucumber powdery mildew,etc.This study evaluated the bioactivity of Jiangong against Alternaria alternata and explored variations of phyllosphere microorganisms in both asymptomatic and tobacco brown spot leaves at different persistence periods(0,5,10,and 15 days post-fungicide application)using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results indicated that Jiangong effectively inhibited mycelial growth(average EC_(50) value of 0.51μg/mL),conidia germination(average EC_(50) value of 3.47μg/mL),and the carbon metabolism of A.alternata.Both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves presented complex microbial communities.Higher fungal diversity was noted in asymptomatic leaves,while higher bacterial diversity was found in symptomatic leaves.After application,the diversity and abundance of microbial community structures in both types of leaves changed over time.Fungal microbiome communities showed greater sensitivity than bacterial groups,with the microbiome communities of asymptomatic leaves being more affected than those of symptomatic leaves.Fungal community diversity decreased for both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application,while the diversity of fungal community in symptomatic leaves showed an upward trend after 10 days of application.Meanwhile,bacterial community diversity increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application but then declined in asymptomatic leaves after 15 days.The abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere bacteria(metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing)was not affected by the application of Jiangong.However,the abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere fungi(animal pathogen-endophyte-wood saprotroph,endophyte-plant pathogen,plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph)was significantly affected by the application of Jiangong,and high variation was found in symptomatic leaves than that of asymptomatic leaves.The application of Jiangong-induced alterations in the community structure of the tobacco phyllosphere microbiome provides a basis for future tobacco brown spot control strategies based on phyllospheric microecology.展开更多
Avian influenza virus is one of the main pathogens causing avian influenza.In this experiment,the avian influenza hemagglutinin(HA)gene was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method using k...Avian influenza virus is one of the main pathogens causing avian influenza.In this experiment,the avian influenza hemagglutinin(HA)gene was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method using kanamycin as a resistance marker to produce HA type edible vaccine designed for avian influenza hemagglutinin protein.The fusion of cholera toxin B subgene(CTB)and avian influenza HA was initiated by CaMV35S promoter,and then transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana to induce callus and adventitious bud differentiation,bud elongation,and growth and root induction.The total genomic DNA of 28 transgenic tobacco plants was extracted,and the CTB sequence of the CTB-HA fusion gene was used as a template to design primers for PCR amplification.Eight of them were positive,and four of them were expressed at the RNA level after RNA extraction and RT-PCR amplification.In western blot detection of protein extraction,two strains were shown at the position of the target protein.The results provided material support for the preparation of a transgenic plant oral vaccine against HA infection,and provided a theoretical basis for accelerating the development of a transgenic plant vaccine.展开更多
The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extractio...The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extraction were optimized with information theory. Then, detection were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic of each method was compared. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 6# tobacco flavor sample were accomplished through both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. The experimental results show that solid-phase micro-extraction method is the first choice for qualitative analysis and simultaneous distillation extraction is another good selection for quantitative analysis. By means of simultaneous distillation extraction, 20 components are identified, accounting for 92.77% of the total peak areas. Through solid-phase micro-extraction, there are 17 components identified accounting for 91.49% of the total peak areas. The main aromatic components in 6# tobacco flavor sample are propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, menthol and menthyl acetate. The presented method has been successfully used for quality control of tobacco flavor.展开更多
Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation an...Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation and extraction method,the volatile components in cut tobacco were detected by GC-MS.Then the obtained original two-dimensional data were resolved into pure mass spectra and chromatograms.The qualitative analysis was performed by similarity searches in the national institute of standards and technology(NIST)mass database with the obtained pure mass spectrum of each component and the quantitative results were obtained by calculating the volume of total two-way response.The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results were greatly improved by using the two-dimensional comprehensive information of chromatograms and mass spectra.107 of 141 separated constituents in the total ion chromatogram of the volatile components were identified and quantified,accounting for about 88.01% of the total content.The result proves that the developed method is powerful for the analysis of complex cut tobacco samples.展开更多
To understand the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （real-time RT-PCR） for detecting the relative abundance of mRNA, the expression of a tobacco ferrltin gene （NtFer1） was detected b...To understand the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （real-time RT-PCR） for detecting the relative abundance of mRNA, the expression of a tobacco ferrltin gene （NtFer1） was detected by Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated that both of the two methods were able to detect mRNA expression of NtFer1 cleady and similady, namely NtFer1 expression was responsive to iron-ovedoad, and the abundance of NtFer1 mRNA was greatly increased after iron loaded for 6 h. To compare the effect and sensitivity of two methods, results revealed that Northern blot need 30 μg of total RNA and at least 3 days for the total protocol performance, whereas real-time RT-PCR only need 2 μg of total RNA and 1.5 h. The real-time RT-PCR is rather sensitive and effective than Northern blot. Real-time RT-PCR analysis can be used to rapidly detect the relative abundance of mRNA expression instead of Northern blot analysis.展开更多
Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the ...Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the length to width, stem girth, dates of budding, leaf yield and ratio of the prime-medium tobacco. The leaf number and the central leaf length showed a positive or a strong positive correlation with the yield per plant. And the leaf number and leaf yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of prime-medium tobacco. The results showed that the leaf yield per plant among these characteristics played a major role in determining the ratio of prime-medium tobacco while the others were less related with the ratio. Square sum of deviation method cluster analyses showed that 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco were clustered into two groups. Of the pure lines, Line T1706 and Line T1245 had a far relationship with all other lines, and also had a heterosis when crossed with the other lines. Lines Guangdonghuang 1 and R72（3）B-2-1 were closely related.展开更多
This paper reports a new transgenic tobacco line NC89 resistant to both tobaccomosaic virus(TMV)and cucumber mosaic virus(CMV).It deals with the details of field experi-ments of the whole process of segregation and se...This paper reports a new transgenic tobacco line NC89 resistant to both tobaccomosaic virus(TMV)and cucumber mosaic virus(CMV).It deals with the details of field experi-ments of the whole process of segregation and selection of the progenies of transgenic plant popu-lation.By using the gene transfer technics,some transgenic plants resistant to mosaic disease froma flue-cured tobacco cultivar NC89 were obtained in green house in 1989.Thereafter,throughfield inoculation and selection from the 2nd and 3rd generations,a homozygous line resistant toboth viruses and with good qualities was bred out.The inheretant stability of the resistance of thenew line was confirmed through the 4th to 6th generations.In 1992,the transgenic resistant linewas planted about 7000 hectares in Henan province.The relative effect of controlling mosaic dis-eases of tobacco was 50—70%.The out-put value increased 30—50% per unit area.This is a newexample of growing a transgenic virus-resistant Plant in large scale in China.展开更多
Smokeless tobacco is very common personal habit of people living in various areas of Asia which is an alarming sign for the development of different oral diseases in such people. The aim of present study was to invest...Smokeless tobacco is very common personal habit of people living in various areas of Asia which is an alarming sign for the development of different oral diseases in such people. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of smokeless tobacco on parofid glands of the Aalbano rats by using various percentages of the smokeless tobacco. The rats were divided into three different groups, control group （A） no smokeless tobacco, experimental group （B） 5% smokeless tobacco and experimental group （C） 10% of smokeless tobacco with different feeds required according parameters. Weekly weight gain and partid gland were analyzed through student P test and histological structures were recorded through HE stain and Retculin stain. The results showed that as compared to control group body, weight of the rats was decreased in groups B and C having smokeless tobacco percentage in the diet. Weight of parotid gland as compared to control group was decreased in groups B and C with diet of smokeless tobacco. Further, histological observation under HE stain showed that parofid gland of group B showed mild narrowing of ductal lumen, collapse of vessels and stromal was also increased, in group C parenchyrnal tissues with loss of acini found damaged and glandular dystrop and lymphatic infiltration were determined moderate to severe. Meanwhile, reticulin stain showed that vascular collapses were shown because of increasing in stromal glandular atrophy in group C as compared to control group. In conclusion, this study showed that smokeless tobacco caused serious injuries in the tissue level in parotid gland with high percentage of smokeless tobacco which highlight health hazards on its consumption.展开更多
In order to study the alkali resistivity of VHA-c in Iris lacteal. （IrlVHA-c）, the transgenic tobacco seedlings harboring lrlVHA-c gene from Iris lactea （To）, the self-crossed progeny （T1）, and the non-transgeni...In order to study the alkali resistivity of VHA-c in Iris lacteal. （IrlVHA-c）, the transgenic tobacco seedlings harboring lrlVHA-c gene from Iris lactea （To）, the self-crossed progeny （T1）, and the non-transgenic lines of tobacco seedlings were grown in Hoagland nutrient solutions supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mmol.L^-1 NaHCO3. The MDA content, CAT, POD and SOD activity, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, proline content and polyphenol oxidase activity of the seedlings were determined. The results showed that the transgenic lines of tobacco maintained a high activity up to 200 mmol.L^-1 NaHCO3, and activity was slightly lower at 300 mmol.L^-1 NaHCOa. When the concentration of NaHCO3 was as high as 400 mmol.L^-1 the seedlings were badly hurt. In addition, the activity of To and T1 transgentic tobacoo was maintained more or less. While the non- transgenic lines of tobacco could maintain viably up to 100 mmol. L^-1 NaHCO3, and they could not survive at 400 mmol. L^-1 NaHCO3. The conclusion was drawn that the alkali resistance of the tobacoo transformed IrlVHA-c was noticeably improved.展开更多
To study the regional distribution features of aroma characteristics, the regional distribution maps of aroma characteristics of 225 tobacco leaf samples from Henan Province were drawn by Kriging interpolation method ...To study the regional distribution features of aroma characteristics, the regional distribution maps of aroma characteristics of 225 tobacco leaf samples from Henan Province were drawn by Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS. The results showed that:(1) the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco from Henan Province tobacco-growing areas ranged from better to slightly better and aroma quantity ranged from just a little to much. The ability of diffusiveness expressed slight to a little strong and the raw green odour, immature odour and ligneous odour were tiny;(2) there were significant differences between the aroma quality and scorched odour and no statistical differences among the aroma quantity, diffusiveness, raw green odour, ligneous odour and immature odour from different counties;(3) there were trends that scale of aroma quality increased from southwest to both north and east, aroma quantity showed a patchy distribution in space, diffusiveness decreased from east to west, scorched odour increased from west to both north and south, ligneous odour increased from north to south and green odour increased from south to north.展开更多
A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a bl...A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a black soil was conducted from 2004 to 2005 in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen application rates at 45 kg·hm^-2 with the ratio of 75% NO3-N to 25% NH4-N resulted in the highest potassium and reducing sugar contents in the flue-cured tobacco leaving with the highest quality grade and value. It is recommended that this ni- trogen application rate and NO3-N to NH4-N ratio should be widely applied on flue-cured tobacco grown in the black soil in Heilongjiang Province.展开更多
基金Supported by China National Tobacco Corporation[No.110202101048(LS-08)]Hundred’Level Innovative Talent Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.GCC[2022]028-1,GCC[2023]108)+2 种基金Guizhou Science Technology Foundation(No.ZK[2021]Key036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32160522)Guizhou Province Applied Technology Research and Development Funding Post-subsidy Project and Guizhou Tobacco Company(No.2020XM03,2020XM22,2024XM06).
文摘12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight,cucumber powdery mildew,etc.This study evaluated the bioactivity of Jiangong against Alternaria alternata and explored variations of phyllosphere microorganisms in both asymptomatic and tobacco brown spot leaves at different persistence periods(0,5,10,and 15 days post-fungicide application)using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results indicated that Jiangong effectively inhibited mycelial growth(average EC_(50) value of 0.51μg/mL),conidia germination(average EC_(50) value of 3.47μg/mL),and the carbon metabolism of A.alternata.Both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves presented complex microbial communities.Higher fungal diversity was noted in asymptomatic leaves,while higher bacterial diversity was found in symptomatic leaves.After application,the diversity and abundance of microbial community structures in both types of leaves changed over time.Fungal microbiome communities showed greater sensitivity than bacterial groups,with the microbiome communities of asymptomatic leaves being more affected than those of symptomatic leaves.Fungal community diversity decreased for both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application,while the diversity of fungal community in symptomatic leaves showed an upward trend after 10 days of application.Meanwhile,bacterial community diversity increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application but then declined in asymptomatic leaves after 15 days.The abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere bacteria(metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing)was not affected by the application of Jiangong.However,the abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere fungi(animal pathogen-endophyte-wood saprotroph,endophyte-plant pathogen,plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph)was significantly affected by the application of Jiangong,and high variation was found in symptomatic leaves than that of asymptomatic leaves.The application of Jiangong-induced alterations in the community structure of the tobacco phyllosphere microbiome provides a basis for future tobacco brown spot control strategies based on phyllospheric microecology.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2021C032)。
文摘Avian influenza virus is one of the main pathogens causing avian influenza.In this experiment,the avian influenza hemagglutinin(HA)gene was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method using kanamycin as a resistance marker to produce HA type edible vaccine designed for avian influenza hemagglutinin protein.The fusion of cholera toxin B subgene(CTB)and avian influenza HA was initiated by CaMV35S promoter,and then transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana to induce callus and adventitious bud differentiation,bud elongation,and growth and root induction.The total genomic DNA of 28 transgenic tobacco plants was extracted,and the CTB sequence of the CTB-HA fusion gene was used as a template to design primers for PCR amplification.Eight of them were positive,and four of them were expressed at the RNA level after RNA extraction and RT-PCR amplification.In western blot detection of protein extraction,two strains were shown at the position of the target protein.The results provided material support for the preparation of a transgenic plant oral vaccine against HA infection,and provided a theoretical basis for accelerating the development of a transgenic plant vaccine.
文摘The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extraction were optimized with information theory. Then, detection were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic of each method was compared. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 6# tobacco flavor sample were accomplished through both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. The experimental results show that solid-phase micro-extraction method is the first choice for qualitative analysis and simultaneous distillation extraction is another good selection for quantitative analysis. By means of simultaneous distillation extraction, 20 components are identified, accounting for 92.77% of the total peak areas. Through solid-phase micro-extraction, there are 17 components identified accounting for 91.49% of the total peak areas. The main aromatic components in 6# tobacco flavor sample are propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, menthol and menthyl acetate. The presented method has been successfully used for quality control of tobacco flavor.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Foundation of Changde Cigarette FactoryProject(20060400887) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation and extraction method,the volatile components in cut tobacco were detected by GC-MS.Then the obtained original two-dimensional data were resolved into pure mass spectra and chromatograms.The qualitative analysis was performed by similarity searches in the national institute of standards and technology(NIST)mass database with the obtained pure mass spectrum of each component and the quantitative results were obtained by calculating the volume of total two-way response.The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results were greatly improved by using the two-dimensional comprehensive information of chromatograms and mass spectra.107 of 141 separated constituents in the total ion chromatogram of the volatile components were identified and quantified,accounting for about 88.01% of the total content.The result proves that the developed method is powerful for the analysis of complex cut tobacco samples.
基金Supported in Part by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (106065) Heilongjiang Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation (C200533)
文摘To understand the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （real-time RT-PCR） for detecting the relative abundance of mRNA, the expression of a tobacco ferrltin gene （NtFer1） was detected by Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated that both of the two methods were able to detect mRNA expression of NtFer1 cleady and similady, namely NtFer1 expression was responsive to iron-ovedoad, and the abundance of NtFer1 mRNA was greatly increased after iron loaded for 6 h. To compare the effect and sensitivity of two methods, results revealed that Northern blot need 30 μg of total RNA and at least 3 days for the total protocol performance, whereas real-time RT-PCR only need 2 μg of total RNA and 1.5 h. The real-time RT-PCR is rather sensitive and effective than Northern blot. Real-time RT-PCR analysis can be used to rapidly detect the relative abundance of mRNA expression instead of Northern blot analysis.
基金Supported by Platform Construction for Germplasm Resources of China Tobacco (2007, 152)
文摘Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the length to width, stem girth, dates of budding, leaf yield and ratio of the prime-medium tobacco. The leaf number and the central leaf length showed a positive or a strong positive correlation with the yield per plant. And the leaf number and leaf yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of prime-medium tobacco. The results showed that the leaf yield per plant among these characteristics played a major role in determining the ratio of prime-medium tobacco while the others were less related with the ratio. Square sum of deviation method cluster analyses showed that 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco were clustered into two groups. Of the pure lines, Line T1706 and Line T1245 had a far relationship with all other lines, and also had a heterosis when crossed with the other lines. Lines Guangdonghuang 1 and R72（3）B-2-1 were closely related.
文摘This paper reports a new transgenic tobacco line NC89 resistant to both tobaccomosaic virus(TMV)and cucumber mosaic virus(CMV).It deals with the details of field experi-ments of the whole process of segregation and selection of the progenies of transgenic plant popu-lation.By using the gene transfer technics,some transgenic plants resistant to mosaic disease froma flue-cured tobacco cultivar NC89 were obtained in green house in 1989.Thereafter,throughfield inoculation and selection from the 2nd and 3rd generations,a homozygous line resistant toboth viruses and with good qualities was bred out.The inheretant stability of the resistance of thenew line was confirmed through the 4th to 6th generations.In 1992,the transgenic resistant linewas planted about 7000 hectares in Henan province.The relative effect of controlling mosaic dis-eases of tobacco was 50—70%.The out-put value increased 30—50% per unit area.This is a newexample of growing a transgenic virus-resistant Plant in large scale in China.
文摘Smokeless tobacco is very common personal habit of people living in various areas of Asia which is an alarming sign for the development of different oral diseases in such people. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of smokeless tobacco on parofid glands of the Aalbano rats by using various percentages of the smokeless tobacco. The rats were divided into three different groups, control group （A） no smokeless tobacco, experimental group （B） 5% smokeless tobacco and experimental group （C） 10% of smokeless tobacco with different feeds required according parameters. Weekly weight gain and partid gland were analyzed through student P test and histological structures were recorded through HE stain and Retculin stain. The results showed that as compared to control group body, weight of the rats was decreased in groups B and C having smokeless tobacco percentage in the diet. Weight of parotid gland as compared to control group was decreased in groups B and C with diet of smokeless tobacco. Further, histological observation under HE stain showed that parofid gland of group B showed mild narrowing of ductal lumen, collapse of vessels and stromal was also increased, in group C parenchyrnal tissues with loss of acini found damaged and glandular dystrop and lymphatic infiltration were determined moderate to severe. Meanwhile, reticulin stain showed that vascular collapses were shown because of increasing in stromal glandular atrophy in group C as compared to control group. In conclusion, this study showed that smokeless tobacco caused serious injuries in the tissue level in parotid gland with high percentage of smokeless tobacco which highlight health hazards on its consumption.
基金Supported by the Post-doctoral research start-up funding of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-210144)Postdoctoral Funds Project of Heilongjiang Province (520-415037)
文摘In order to study the alkali resistivity of VHA-c in Iris lacteal. （IrlVHA-c）, the transgenic tobacco seedlings harboring lrlVHA-c gene from Iris lactea （To）, the self-crossed progeny （T1）, and the non-transgenic lines of tobacco seedlings were grown in Hoagland nutrient solutions supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mmol.L^-1 NaHCO3. The MDA content, CAT, POD and SOD activity, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, proline content and polyphenol oxidase activity of the seedlings were determined. The results showed that the transgenic lines of tobacco maintained a high activity up to 200 mmol.L^-1 NaHCO3, and activity was slightly lower at 300 mmol.L^-1 NaHCOa. When the concentration of NaHCO3 was as high as 400 mmol.L^-1 the seedlings were badly hurt. In addition, the activity of To and T1 transgentic tobacoo was maintained more or less. While the non- transgenic lines of tobacco could maintain viably up to 100 mmol. L^-1 NaHCO3, and they could not survive at 400 mmol. L^-1 NaHCO3. The conclusion was drawn that the alkali resistance of the tobacoo transformed IrlVHA-c was noticeably improved.
基金Supported by Major Special Projects of Development of Strong Flavor Characteristic and High Quality Tobacco Leaf by China National Tobacco Corporation(110201101001 TS-01)Pingdingshan Tobacco Company Technology Projects(PDSKJ2017018)Tianchang International Tobacco Company Technology Projects(TCKJ201701)
文摘To study the regional distribution features of aroma characteristics, the regional distribution maps of aroma characteristics of 225 tobacco leaf samples from Henan Province were drawn by Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS. The results showed that:(1) the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco from Henan Province tobacco-growing areas ranged from better to slightly better and aroma quantity ranged from just a little to much. The ability of diffusiveness expressed slight to a little strong and the raw green odour, immature odour and ligneous odour were tiny;(2) there were significant differences between the aroma quality and scorched odour and no statistical differences among the aroma quantity, diffusiveness, raw green odour, ligneous odour and immature odour from different counties;(3) there were trends that scale of aroma quality increased from southwest to both north and east, aroma quantity showed a patchy distribution in space, diffusiveness decreased from east to west, scorched odour increased from west to both north and south, ligneous odour increased from north to south and green odour increased from south to north.
文摘A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a black soil was conducted from 2004 to 2005 in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen application rates at 45 kg·hm^-2 with the ratio of 75% NO3-N to 25% NH4-N resulted in the highest potassium and reducing sugar contents in the flue-cured tobacco leaving with the highest quality grade and value. It is recommended that this ni- trogen application rate and NO3-N to NH4-N ratio should be widely applied on flue-cured tobacco grown in the black soil in Heilongjiang Province.
