Aim Head and neck cancers are the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite significant ad- vances in the delivery of treatment and surgical reconstruction, the mortality rates for this disease have not improved in...Aim Head and neck cancers are the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite significant ad- vances in the delivery of treatment and surgical reconstruction, the mortality rates for this disease have not improved in the past 4 decades. Our previous study has shown that HIV protease inhibitors （HIV PIs） induce cell apoptosis via activating endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. It also has been reported that a few HIV PIs are able to radio- sensitize tumor cells. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to examine whether HIV PIs activate the ER stress response and sensitize human head and neck carcinoma cells to radiation. Methods Human SQ20B and Fadu cells and the most commonly used HIV PIs, lopinavir and ritona- vir, were used in this study. The mRNA and protein levels of ER stress-related genes （ CHOP, ATF4, XBP-1, and GRP78 ） were detected by real time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were ana- lyzed using Cellometer Vision CBA. After treatment with HIV PIs, cells were irradiated at a dose of 2G or 4G. Col- onies were stained and counted 10 days after irradiation. Results HIV PIs significantly induced activation of ER stress and apoptosis. Treatment of HIV PIs inhibited Akt phosphorylation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increased tumor cell sensitivity to irradiation-induced cell death. Conclusion HIV PIs sensitize human head and neck carcinoma cells to radiation by activating ER stress.展开更多
目的·检测Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白(Fas-associated protein with death domain,FADD)在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)中的表达水平,并探究FADD促进HNSCC细胞增殖的分子机制。方法·利用GEPIA ...目的·检测Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白(Fas-associated protein with death domain,FADD)在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)中的表达水平,并探究FADD促进HNSCC细胞增殖的分子机制。方法·利用GEPIA 2数据库分析肿瘤组织中FADD表达水平及其与预后的关系;通过对HNSCC组织进行免疫组织化学染色(immunohistochemistry staining,IHC),探究FADD在正常、不典型增生和肿瘤组织中的表达水平变化;构建稳定低表达FADD的人HNSCC Fadu、HSC3细胞株,并通过蛋白印迹实验和实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)方法进行验证;使用LiveCyte活细胞追踪系统、克隆形成、细胞活力检测等方法探究FADD对HNSCC细胞增殖水平的调控作用;使用免疫共沉淀串联质谱(co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrum,Co-IP/MS)鉴定与FADD发生相互作用的蛋白,并应用CRISPR/Cas9技术、LiveCyte活细胞追踪系统、蛋白印迹实验等方法对与FADD相互作用的蛋白进行进一步机制研究。结果·数据库分析显示FADD在头颈鳞癌中显著高表达,并与患者不良预后相关。免疫组化染色表明FADD在HNSCC患者正常组织、不典型增生及肿瘤组织中的表达水平呈现递增趋势。在HNSCC细胞中敲低FADD后,与对照组相比,细胞的增殖能力显著降低,形成克隆数减少。Co-IP/MS结果显示,FADD与CUT样同源盒1(CUT-like homeobox 1,CUX1)蛋白存在相互作用,敲低FADD后CUX1表达水平升高。同时,在HNSCC细胞中敲除CUX1能够显著促进肿瘤细胞增殖能力。敲除CUX1可部分逆转FADD低表达引起的增殖抑制。结论·FADD在HNSCC中具有显著促癌作用,并与不良预后相关。FADD可通过与CUX1发生相互作用降低其表达水平进一步调控肿瘤细胞的增殖能力。展开更多
文摘Aim Head and neck cancers are the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite significant ad- vances in the delivery of treatment and surgical reconstruction, the mortality rates for this disease have not improved in the past 4 decades. Our previous study has shown that HIV protease inhibitors （HIV PIs） induce cell apoptosis via activating endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. It also has been reported that a few HIV PIs are able to radio- sensitize tumor cells. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to examine whether HIV PIs activate the ER stress response and sensitize human head and neck carcinoma cells to radiation. Methods Human SQ20B and Fadu cells and the most commonly used HIV PIs, lopinavir and ritona- vir, were used in this study. The mRNA and protein levels of ER stress-related genes （ CHOP, ATF4, XBP-1, and GRP78 ） were detected by real time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were ana- lyzed using Cellometer Vision CBA. After treatment with HIV PIs, cells were irradiated at a dose of 2G or 4G. Col- onies were stained and counted 10 days after irradiation. Results HIV PIs significantly induced activation of ER stress and apoptosis. Treatment of HIV PIs inhibited Akt phosphorylation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increased tumor cell sensitivity to irradiation-induced cell death. Conclusion HIV PIs sensitize human head and neck carcinoma cells to radiation by activating ER stress.
文摘目的·检测Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白(Fas-associated protein with death domain,FADD)在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)中的表达水平,并探究FADD促进HNSCC细胞增殖的分子机制。方法·利用GEPIA 2数据库分析肿瘤组织中FADD表达水平及其与预后的关系;通过对HNSCC组织进行免疫组织化学染色(immunohistochemistry staining,IHC),探究FADD在正常、不典型增生和肿瘤组织中的表达水平变化;构建稳定低表达FADD的人HNSCC Fadu、HSC3细胞株,并通过蛋白印迹实验和实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)方法进行验证;使用LiveCyte活细胞追踪系统、克隆形成、细胞活力检测等方法探究FADD对HNSCC细胞增殖水平的调控作用;使用免疫共沉淀串联质谱(co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrum,Co-IP/MS)鉴定与FADD发生相互作用的蛋白,并应用CRISPR/Cas9技术、LiveCyte活细胞追踪系统、蛋白印迹实验等方法对与FADD相互作用的蛋白进行进一步机制研究。结果·数据库分析显示FADD在头颈鳞癌中显著高表达,并与患者不良预后相关。免疫组化染色表明FADD在HNSCC患者正常组织、不典型增生及肿瘤组织中的表达水平呈现递增趋势。在HNSCC细胞中敲低FADD后,与对照组相比,细胞的增殖能力显著降低,形成克隆数减少。Co-IP/MS结果显示,FADD与CUT样同源盒1(CUT-like homeobox 1,CUX1)蛋白存在相互作用,敲低FADD后CUX1表达水平升高。同时,在HNSCC细胞中敲除CUX1能够显著促进肿瘤细胞增殖能力。敲除CUX1可部分逆转FADD低表达引起的增殖抑制。结论·FADD在HNSCC中具有显著促癌作用,并与不良预后相关。FADD可通过与CUX1发生相互作用降低其表达水平进一步调控肿瘤细胞的增殖能力。
文摘头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)是头颈部肿瘤最为常见的一种类型,其治疗效果及患者的预后并不理想,随着抗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)单抗和免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的广泛应用,HNSCC患者的生存期虽有所延长但仍存在较大的改善空间。近年来多项研究提示,抗EGFR单抗联合ICIs治疗可带来良好的效果及安全性,已获得美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)和中国临床肿瘤学会(Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology,CSCO)等发布的权威性指南推荐。然而,抗EGFR单抗联合ICIs治疗方案的应用仍处于早期探索阶段,如何在临床中规范使用仍存在诸多待解答的问题,包括其协同作用机制、在不同类型患者中的治疗价值及安全性等。CSCO头颈肿瘤专家委员会组织专家基于循证医学证据及临床实践探索,经过多轮讨论,最终形成《抗EGFR单抗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗头颈部鳞状细胞癌专家共识(2025年版)》,对抗EGFR单抗与ICIs联合治疗的作用机制、分层治疗、在特殊人群中的应用及安全性等方面提出指导建议。本共识已在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy,PREPARE)上注册,注册号为PREPARE-2025CN666。期望本共识能够为临床医师提供更为明确和实用的指导,进一步推动该联合方案在临床实践中的合理应用,为HNSCC患者提供更多的治疗选择。
