How to improve the water use efficiency of rice in black soil regions was studied. The black soil region in paddy fields was chosen as the research object. The research showed the fertilizer coupling mathematical mode...How to improve the water use efficiency of rice in black soil regions was studied. The black soil region in paddy fields was chosen as the research object. The research showed the fertilizer coupling mathematical model with N,P,K,irrigation water( W) and water use efficiency( WUE),which was set up under the condition of controlled irrigation with quadratic D- 416 optimized saturation design. The results show that the decending order of single factor' s influence on the WUE was N,K,P and W. All the interactions between N&P,N&K,N&W,K&P,P&W and K&W on the WUE were raised initially,and when reached a certain value,they began to decline. The decending order of each interaction on the WUE was K&P,K&W,N&K,N&P,P&W and N&W. When the WUE was targeted within 1. 8- 2. 5 kg / km^3,an optimized proportion plan was obtained in the 95% confidence interval,i. e. N 87. 76- 103. 32 kg / hm^2,K_2 O 52. 37- 66. 53 kg / hm^2 and P_2O_536. 80- 46. 71 kg / hm^2. Furthermore,the late tillering of the soil moisture content was 70. 07%- 72. 57% of the saturated moisture content.展开更多
Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertili...Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertilizer application,and vice versa;pods per plant,seeds per pod.and 100-seed weight had positive correlations with soybean yield,but the degrees of correlations of different treatments were various;LAI and dry matter accumulation could be significantly increased when watered and applied fertilizer with different levels,but high fertilizer application treatment didn't obtain the highest yield;watering could increase the absolute absorption amount of N,P,K in seeds,but the accumulation rates were various.展开更多
To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. D...To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.展开更多
Based on the experimental data,this study investigated the effect of sand content of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of the single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation ...Based on the experimental data,this study investigated the effect of sand content of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of the single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer.The relationship between the single-line interference infiltration parameters,the sand content,the wetting front movement distances,and the sand content were all established.The model of the cumulative infiltration volume of per unit film pore area,the vertical and horizontal wetting front movement distance of the free surface,and the wetting front movement distance of the interference center with sand content and infiltration time were proposed.Reveal the law of the change of soil water content and the distribution of NO_(3)^(-)-N content based on different muddy water sand content.The results indicate that at the same infiltration time,as the muddy water sand content increases,the cumulative infiltration volume per unit pore area decreases.The infiltration index of the free infiltration and the single-line interference vary little when the sand content increases,mainly are around 0.64 and 0.58.The relationship between infiltration parameters a,b and the sand content is linear function.At the same location,the more the sand content,the smaller the wetting front movement distance in free surface and the single-line interference surface,the less the NO_(3)^(-)-N content.展开更多
为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240...为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240-180-200 kg/hm^(2),F2:180-135-150 kg/hm^(2))及基质中4个生物炭添加量(B0:0,B1:1%,B3:3%,B5:5%),共16组处理,研究水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)、植株养分(全氮、全钾、有机碳)吸收量、化学计量特征(氮钾比、碳氮比)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、硝酸盐含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比)的影响,揭示炭基质栽培番茄产量及品质的关键驱动因子,构建以番茄产量、品质及其关键驱动因子为目标的熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,提出水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。结果表明:炭基质对番茄LAI、SPAD值、养分吸收量、产量及品质影响显著(P<0.05);在相同灌溉和施肥条件下,炭基质增加了番茄整株钾吸收量、整株碳同化量、产量及维生素C含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;基于结构方程模型,番茄整株碳同化量是产量的关键驱动因子,其增加有助于提高番茄产量,氮钾比是品质的关键驱动因子,其降低有助于改善番茄品质;采用熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,筛选出I_(1)F_(2)B_(3)处理是水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。研究可为农业废弃物高效利用及高品质果蔬的水肥炭有效管理提供理论依据。展开更多
为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d...为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)(F1);(3)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2);(4)栽后20 d滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)+栽后50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F3),研究了滴灌条件下不同水溶肥处理对鲜食甘薯植株干重、块根产量、块根淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均显著高于对照,不同水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均为F2>F3>F1。济薯26在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产10.04%、28.60%和19.23%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产10.88%、29.55%和21.29%;烟薯25在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产7.62%、27.79%和20.12%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产8.52%、29.17%和19.90%。甘薯生长中后期,F2处理的蔓长、叶片数、地上部干重均显著低于其他处理,块根干重均显著高于其他处理。F2处理的淀粉含量显著低于其他处理,可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。因此,在本试验条件下(土壤速效氮含量≤80 mg kg–1),栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N︰P_(2)O_(5)︰K_(2)O=8︰12︰35,腐植酸≥3%)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2处理)为最优施肥处理。展开更多
[目的]为明确水肥管理和设施间作等措施对蔬菜土壤微生态及黄瓜、芹菜品质的影响。[方法]通过连续3 a的田间试验,采用连续水肥(CF,continuous fertilization in irrigation)和隔水一肥(AF,alternating fertilization in irrigation)2种...[目的]为明确水肥管理和设施间作等措施对蔬菜土壤微生态及黄瓜、芹菜品质的影响。[方法]通过连续3 a的田间试验,采用连续水肥(CF,continuous fertilization in irrigation)和隔水一肥(AF,alternating fertilization in irrigation)2种水肥模式,结合黄瓜单作(CU,cucumber monoculture)、芹菜单作(CE,celery monoculture)、黄瓜与芹菜间作(CC,cucumber and celery intercropping)3种种植模式,系统评估不同处理对作物品质、土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响。[结果]CCCF处理显著提升黄瓜和芹菜的维生素C含量(提升16.6%~200%),而CUCF处理则在可溶性糖积累方面表现出优势。XGB模型分析揭示,速效钾和pH分别是调控维生素C和可溶性糖含量的关键因子。微生物组分析显示,间作处理富集特异性ASVs(7371~7526个),显著提高Steroidobacter、Flavobacterium等促生菌的丰度,同时抑制病原真菌的生长。功能预测表明,水肥管理主要影响氮循环功能,间作则增强甲烷营养功能。微生物网络分析进一步揭示,CF形成紧密的细菌互作网络,AF提高网络模块性,而CC则在保持高连接性的同时维持适度模块性。[结论]不同水肥和种植管理措施通过调控土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和生态网络,对作物品质产生差异化影响。其中,CCCF和CUCF分别适合提升维生素C和可溶性糖含量,为设施农业精准调控作物品质提供新思路。展开更多
文摘How to improve the water use efficiency of rice in black soil regions was studied. The black soil region in paddy fields was chosen as the research object. The research showed the fertilizer coupling mathematical model with N,P,K,irrigation water( W) and water use efficiency( WUE),which was set up under the condition of controlled irrigation with quadratic D- 416 optimized saturation design. The results show that the decending order of single factor' s influence on the WUE was N,K,P and W. All the interactions between N&P,N&K,N&W,K&P,P&W and K&W on the WUE were raised initially,and when reached a certain value,they began to decline. The decending order of each interaction on the WUE was K&P,K&W,N&K,N&P,P&W and N&W. When the WUE was targeted within 1. 8- 2. 5 kg / km^3,an optimized proportion plan was obtained in the 95% confidence interval,i. e. N 87. 76- 103. 32 kg / hm^2,K_2 O 52. 37- 66. 53 kg / hm^2 and P_2O_536. 80- 46. 71 kg / hm^2. Furthermore,the late tillering of the soil moisture content was 70. 07%- 72. 57% of the saturated moisture content.
文摘Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertilizer application,and vice versa;pods per plant,seeds per pod.and 100-seed weight had positive correlations with soybean yield,but the degrees of correlations of different treatments were various;LAI and dry matter accumulation could be significantly increased when watered and applied fertilizer with different levels,but high fertilizer application treatment didn't obtain the highest yield;watering could increase the absolute absorption amount of N,P,K in seeds,but the accumulation rates were various.
基金Supported by NSFC (50839002)Society Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BS2007139)
文摘To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0400204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51479161,51279157,51779205)。
文摘Based on the experimental data,this study investigated the effect of sand content of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of the single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer.The relationship between the single-line interference infiltration parameters,the sand content,the wetting front movement distances,and the sand content were all established.The model of the cumulative infiltration volume of per unit film pore area,the vertical and horizontal wetting front movement distance of the free surface,and the wetting front movement distance of the interference center with sand content and infiltration time were proposed.Reveal the law of the change of soil water content and the distribution of NO_(3)^(-)-N content based on different muddy water sand content.The results indicate that at the same infiltration time,as the muddy water sand content increases,the cumulative infiltration volume per unit pore area decreases.The infiltration index of the free infiltration and the single-line interference vary little when the sand content increases,mainly are around 0.64 and 0.58.The relationship between infiltration parameters a,b and the sand content is linear function.At the same location,the more the sand content,the smaller the wetting front movement distance in free surface and the single-line interference surface,the less the NO_(3)^(-)-N content.
文摘为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240-180-200 kg/hm^(2),F2:180-135-150 kg/hm^(2))及基质中4个生物炭添加量(B0:0,B1:1%,B3:3%,B5:5%),共16组处理,研究水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)、植株养分(全氮、全钾、有机碳)吸收量、化学计量特征(氮钾比、碳氮比)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、硝酸盐含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比)的影响,揭示炭基质栽培番茄产量及品质的关键驱动因子,构建以番茄产量、品质及其关键驱动因子为目标的熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,提出水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。结果表明:炭基质对番茄LAI、SPAD值、养分吸收量、产量及品质影响显著(P<0.05);在相同灌溉和施肥条件下,炭基质增加了番茄整株钾吸收量、整株碳同化量、产量及维生素C含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;基于结构方程模型,番茄整株碳同化量是产量的关键驱动因子,其增加有助于提高番茄产量,氮钾比是品质的关键驱动因子,其降低有助于改善番茄品质;采用熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,筛选出I_(1)F_(2)B_(3)处理是水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。研究可为农业废弃物高效利用及高品质果蔬的水肥炭有效管理提供理论依据。
文摘为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)(F1);(3)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2);(4)栽后20 d滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)+栽后50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F3),研究了滴灌条件下不同水溶肥处理对鲜食甘薯植株干重、块根产量、块根淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均显著高于对照,不同水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均为F2>F3>F1。济薯26在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产10.04%、28.60%和19.23%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产10.88%、29.55%和21.29%;烟薯25在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产7.62%、27.79%和20.12%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产8.52%、29.17%和19.90%。甘薯生长中后期,F2处理的蔓长、叶片数、地上部干重均显著低于其他处理,块根干重均显著高于其他处理。F2处理的淀粉含量显著低于其他处理,可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。因此,在本试验条件下(土壤速效氮含量≤80 mg kg–1),栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N︰P_(2)O_(5)︰K_(2)O=8︰12︰35,腐植酸≥3%)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2处理)为最优施肥处理。
文摘[目的]为明确水肥管理和设施间作等措施对蔬菜土壤微生态及黄瓜、芹菜品质的影响。[方法]通过连续3 a的田间试验,采用连续水肥(CF,continuous fertilization in irrigation)和隔水一肥(AF,alternating fertilization in irrigation)2种水肥模式,结合黄瓜单作(CU,cucumber monoculture)、芹菜单作(CE,celery monoculture)、黄瓜与芹菜间作(CC,cucumber and celery intercropping)3种种植模式,系统评估不同处理对作物品质、土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响。[结果]CCCF处理显著提升黄瓜和芹菜的维生素C含量(提升16.6%~200%),而CUCF处理则在可溶性糖积累方面表现出优势。XGB模型分析揭示,速效钾和pH分别是调控维生素C和可溶性糖含量的关键因子。微生物组分析显示,间作处理富集特异性ASVs(7371~7526个),显著提高Steroidobacter、Flavobacterium等促生菌的丰度,同时抑制病原真菌的生长。功能预测表明,水肥管理主要影响氮循环功能,间作则增强甲烷营养功能。微生物网络分析进一步揭示,CF形成紧密的细菌互作网络,AF提高网络模块性,而CC则在保持高连接性的同时维持适度模块性。[结论]不同水肥和种植管理措施通过调控土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和生态网络,对作物品质产生差异化影响。其中,CCCF和CUCF分别适合提升维生素C和可溶性糖含量,为设施农业精准调控作物品质提供新思路。
