The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this is...The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a ser...Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a series of simulations to investigate the heat transfer properties of CF/PA12 were conducted in this study.Firstly,by building two-and three-dimensional models,the effects of the porosity,carbon fiber content,and arrangement on the heat transfer of CF/PA12 were examined.A validation of the simulation model was carried out and the findings were consistent with those of the experiment.Then,the simulation results using the above models showed that within the volume fraction from 0% to 28%,the thermal conductivity of CF/PA12 increased greatly from 0.0242 W/(m·K)to 10.8848 W/(m·K).The increasing porosity had little influence on heat transfer characteristic of CF/PA12.The direction of the carbon fiber arrangement affects the heat transfer impact,and optimal outcomes were achieved when the heat flow direction was parallel to the carbon fiber.This research contributes to improving the production methods and broadening the application scenarios of composite materials.展开更多
Pitch produced by the lique-faction of coal was divided into two frac-tions:soluble in toluene(TS)and insol-uble in toluene but soluble in pyridine(TI-PS),and their differences in molecu-lar structure and oxidation ac...Pitch produced by the lique-faction of coal was divided into two frac-tions:soluble in toluene(TS)and insol-uble in toluene but soluble in pyridine(TI-PS),and their differences in molecu-lar structure and oxidation activity were studied.Several different carbon materi-als were produced from them by oxida-tion in air(350℃,300 mL/min)fol-lowed by carbonization(1000℃ in Ar),and the effect of the cross-linked structure on their structure and sodium storage properties was investigated.The results showed that the two pitch fractions were obviously different after the air oxidation.The TS fraction with a low degree of condensation and abundant side chains had a stronger oxidation activity and thus introduced more cross-linked oxygen-containing functional groups C(O)―O which prevented carbon layer rearrangement during the carbonization.As a result,a disordered hard carbon with more defects was formed,which improved the electrochemical performance.Therefore,the carbon materials derived from TS(O-TS-1000)had an obvious disordered structure and a larger layer spacing,giving them better sodium storage perform-ance than those derived from the TI-PS fraction(O-TI-PS-1000).The specific capacity of O-TS-1000 was about 250 mAh/g at 20 mA/g,which was 1.67 times higher than that of O-TI-PS-1000(150 mAh/g).展开更多
Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decom...Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode,which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems.Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity,functional flexibility,and adjustable pore structure.This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs,focusing on their structural characteristics,electrochemical behavior,and reaction mechanisms.Besides being used as air cathodes,carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.展开更多
Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the...Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the requirements for applications in emerging fields such as renewable energy and electric vehicles due to limitations including a disordered structure and uncontrolled defects.With an aim of realizing devisable structures,adjustable functions,and performance breakthroughs,superstructured carbons is proposed and represent a category of carbon-based materials,characterized by precisely-built pores,networks,and interfaces.Superstructured carbons can overcome the limitations of traditional carbon materials and improve the performance of energy storage and conversion devices.We review the structure-activity relationships of superstructured carbons and recent research advances from three aspects including a precisely customized pore structure,a dense carbon network framework,and a multi-component highly coupled interface between the different components.Finally,we provide an outlook on the future development of and practical challenges in energy storage and conversion devices.展开更多
Pitch is a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their non-metal derivatives that has a high carbon content.Using pitch as a precursor for carbon materials in alkali metal ion(Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+))bat...Pitch is a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their non-metal derivatives that has a high carbon content.Using pitch as a precursor for carbon materials in alkali metal ion(Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+))batteries has become of great interest.However,its direct pyrolysis often leads to microstructures with a high orientation and small interlayer spacing due to uncontrolled liquid-phase carbonization,resulting in subpar electrochemical performance.It is therefore important to control the microstructures of pitch-derived carbon materials in order to improve their electrochemical properties.We evaluate the latest progress in the development of these materials using various microstructural engineering approaches,highlighting their use in metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors.The advantages and limitations of pitch molecules and their carbon derivatives are outlined,together with strategies for their modification in order to improve their properties for specific applications.Future research possibilities for structure optimization,scalable production,and waste pitch recycling are also considered.展开更多
The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face...The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face area and high porosity have been investigated. Compared to other car-bon materials, biomass-derived carbon (BC) are considered efficient and eco-friendly materials for this purpose. We summarize the recent advances in BC materials for both EMI shielding and EM wave absorption. After a brief overview of the synthesis strategies of BC materials and a precise out-line of EM wave interference, strategies for improving their EMI shielding and EM wave absorption are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and the future prospects for such materials are briefly summarized.展开更多
Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is...Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density,response time,and functional integration.Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility.Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing,as well as chemical functionalization,and composite design are analyzed,and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated.The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply,real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed.Based on current progress in related fields,the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.展开更多
Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive en...Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive environments.Consequently,components like crucibles,susceptors and wafer carriers require carbon-based materials such as graphite and carbon-carbon composites.However,traditional carbon materials underperform in these extreme conditions,failing to effectively address the challenges.This leads to issues including product contamination and shortened equipment lifespan.Therefore,effective protection of carbon materials is crucial.This paper reviews current research status on the preparation methods and properties of corrosion-resistant coatings within relevant domestic and international fields.Preparation methods include various techniques such as physical vapor deposition(PVD),chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and the sol-gel method.Furthermore,it offers perspectives on future research directions for corrosion-resistant coated components in semiconductor equipment.These include exploring novel coating materials,improving coating preparation processes,enhancing coating corrosion resistance,as well as further investigating the interfacial interactions between coatings and carbon substrates to achieve better adhesion and compatibility.展开更多
Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, a...Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that carbon sources have almost no effect on the structure of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials. The initial discharge capacities of the Li4Ti1O12/C composite materials are slightly lower than those of as-synthesized Li4Ti5O12. However, Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials show better electrochemical rate performance than the as-synthesized Li4Ti5O12. The capacity retention （79%） of the Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials with starch as carbon source, is higher than that of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials with glucose and sucrose as carbon source at current rate of 2.0C.展开更多
Petroleum asphalt,an important by-product of the petrochemical industry,has diverse applications but often suffers from low industrial added value.Because of its low cost,high carbon content,and high polycyclic aromat...Petroleum asphalt,an important by-product of the petrochemical industry,has diverse applications but often suffers from low industrial added value.Because of its low cost,high carbon content,and high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content,appropriate modification can increase its value and expand its energy storage applications.Current research progress on the common preparation methods of petroleum asphalt-based carbon materials,including template-assisted pyrolysis,molten salt treatment,activation,heteroatom doping,and pre-oxidation is reviewed,and its use in supercapacitors and alkali metal ion batteries,is also elaborated.Feasible solutions for the current problems with petroleum asphalt are proposed,with the aim of providing insights into its high value-added utilization.展开更多
Fe/N-based biomass porous carbon composite(Fe/N-p Carbon) was prepared by a facile high-temperature carbonization method from biomass,and the effect of Fe/N-p Carbon on the thermal decomposition of energetic molecular...Fe/N-based biomass porous carbon composite(Fe/N-p Carbon) was prepared by a facile high-temperature carbonization method from biomass,and the effect of Fe/N-p Carbon on the thermal decomposition of energetic molecular perovskite-based material DAP-4 was studied.Biomass porous carbonaceous materials was considered as the micro/nano support layers for in situ deposition of Fe/N precursors.Fe/Np Carbon was prepared simply by the high-temperature carbonization method.It was found that it showed the inherent catalysis properties for thermal decomposition of DAP-4.The heat release of DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon by DSC curves tested had increased slightly,compared from DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon-0.The decomposition temperature peak of DAP-4 at the presence of Fe/N-p Carbon had reduced by 79°C from384.4°C(pure DAP-4) to 305.4°C(DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon-3).The apparent activation energy of DAP-4thermal decomposition also had decreased by 29.1 J/mol.The possible catalytic decomposition mechanism of DAP-4 with Fe/N-p Carbon was proposed.展开更多
There are some inherent defects for the polyolefin based lithium battery separator,such as,poor thermal stability,poor electrolyte wettability and low porosity,which limit the development of lithium battery.An importa...There are some inherent defects for the polyolefin based lithium battery separator,such as,poor thermal stability,poor electrolyte wettability and low porosity,which limit the development of lithium battery.An important way to improve the performance of lithium battery is to improve the separator.Here,three novel separators combined with metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)and carbon materials were prepared by using the in situ growth method and the adsorption combination method simultaneously.The result showed that compared with the polypropylene separator,the porosity and electrolyte wettability were significantly improved in view of these novel polypropylene separators combined with MOFs and carbon materials.Meanwhile,the electrochemical performance of lithium battery equipped with the polypropylene separator combined with MOFs materials and carbon materials was also improved.The result showed that lithium batteries equipped with polypropylene separator combined with MOFs and carbon materials had higher capacity in the first charge and discharge cycle and better electrochemical kinetic reaction processes.展开更多
The chemical compound 3-(N-ethylamino)isobutyl)trimethoxysilane(EAMS)modified titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),producing EAMS-TiO_(2),which was encased in graphitic carbon nitride(GCN)and integrated into epoxy resin(EP).The ...The chemical compound 3-(N-ethylamino)isobutyl)trimethoxysilane(EAMS)modified titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),producing EAMS-TiO_(2),which was encased in graphitic carbon nitride(GCN)and integrated into epoxy resin(EP).The protective properties of mild steel coated with this nanocomposite in a marine environment were assessedusing electrochemical techniques.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated thatGCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)significantly enhanced the flame retardancy of the epoxy coating,reducing peak heat release rate(PHRR)and total heat release(THR)values by 88%and 70%,respectively,compared to pure EP.Salt spray testsindicated reduced water absorption and improved corrosion resistance.The optimal concentration of 0.6 wt%GCNEAMS/TiO_(2)yielded the highest resistance,with the nanocomposite achieving a coating resistance of 7.50×10^(10)Ω·cm^(2)after 28 d in seawater.The surface resistance of EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)was over 99.9 times higher than pure EP after onehour in seawater.SECM analysis showed the lowest ferrous ion dissipation(1.0 nA)for EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)coatedsteel.FE-SEM and EDX analyses revealed improved breakdown products and a durable inert nanolayered covering.Thenanocomposite exhibited excellent water resistance(water contact angle of 167°)and strong mechanical properties,withadhesive strength increasing to 18.3 MPa after 28 d in seawater.EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)shows potential as a coatingmaterial for the shipping industry.展开更多
Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity,making them suitable for high-performance applicatio...Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity,making them suitable for high-performance applications.N-doping has been widely investigated because of its similar atom radius to carbon,high electronegativity as well as many different configurations.We summarize the preparation methods and properties of N-doped carbon materials,and discuss their possible use in sodium ion storage.The relationships between N content/configuration and crystallinity,electronic conductivity,wettability,chemical reactivity as well as sodium ion storage performance are discussed.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This re...Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.展开更多
The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that ...The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.展开更多
Biomass-derived hard carbons,usually prepared by pyrolysis,are widely considered the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion bat-teries(SIBs)due to their high capacity,low poten-tial,sustainability,cost-effectiv...Biomass-derived hard carbons,usually prepared by pyrolysis,are widely considered the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion bat-teries(SIBs)due to their high capacity,low poten-tial,sustainability,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental friendliness.The pyrolysis method affects the microstructure of the material,and ultimately its so-dium storage performance.Our previous work has shown that pyrolysis in a sealed graphite vessel im-proved the sodium storage performance of the car-bon,however the changes in its microstructure and the way this influences the sodium storage are still unclear.A series of hard carbon materials derived from corncobs(CCG-T,where T is the pyrolysis temperature)were pyrolyzed in a sealed graphite vessel at different temperatures.As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 1000 to 1400℃ small carbon domains gradually transformed into long and curved domains.At the same time,a greater number of large open pores with uniform apertures,as well as more closed pores,were formed.With the further increase of pyrolysis temperature to 1600℃,the long and curved domains became longer and straighter,and some closed pores gradually became open.CCG-1400,with abundant closed pores,had a superior SIB performance,with an initial reversible ca-pacity of 320.73 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 30 mA g^(-1),an initial Coulomb efficiency(ICE)of 84.34%,and a capacity re-tention of 96.70%after 100 cycles.This study provides a method for the precise regulation of the microcrystalline and pore structures of hard carbon materials.展开更多
The design of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)revolves around the careful selection of materials that are both lightweight and robust.Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP)emerged as an ideal option for wing construction...The design of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)revolves around the careful selection of materials that are both lightweight and robust.Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP)emerged as an ideal option for wing construction,with its mechanical qualities thoroughly investigated.In this study,we developed and optimized a conceptual UAV wing to withstand structural loads by establishing progressive composite stacking sequences,and we conducted a series of experimental characterizations on the resulting material.In the optimization phase,the objective was defined as weight reduction,while the Hashin damage criterion was established as the constraint for the optimization process.The optimization algorithm adaptively monitors regional damage criterion values,implementing necessary adjustments to facilitate the mitigation process in a cost-effective manner.Optimization of the analytical model using Simulia Abaqus~(TM)and a Python-based user-defined sub-routine resulted in a 34.7%reduction in the wing's structural weight after 45 iterative rounds.Then,the custom-developed optimization algorithm was compared with a genetic algorithm optimization.This comparison has demonstrated that,although the genetic algorithm explores numerous possibilities through hybridization,the custom-developed algorithm is more result-oriented and achieves optimization in a reduced number of steps.To validate the structural analysis,test specimens were fabricated from the wing's most critically loaded segment,utilizing the identical stacking sequence employed in the optimization studies.Rigorous mechanical testing revealed unexpectedly high compressive strength,while tensile and bending strengths fell within expected ranges.All observed failure loads remained within the established safety margins,thereby confirming the reliability of the analytical predictions.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanxi Province Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project(YDZJSX2024D030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075197,22278290)+2 种基金the Shanxi Province Key Research and Development Program Project(2021020660301013)the Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(202103021224079)the Research and Development Project of Key Core and Common Technology of Shanxi Province(20201102018).
文摘The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.
基金Projects(52206216,52376085)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023JJ40744)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a series of simulations to investigate the heat transfer properties of CF/PA12 were conducted in this study.Firstly,by building two-and three-dimensional models,the effects of the porosity,carbon fiber content,and arrangement on the heat transfer of CF/PA12 were examined.A validation of the simulation model was carried out and the findings were consistent with those of the experiment.Then,the simulation results using the above models showed that within the volume fraction from 0% to 28%,the thermal conductivity of CF/PA12 increased greatly from 0.0242 W/(m·K)to 10.8848 W/(m·K).The increasing porosity had little influence on heat transfer characteristic of CF/PA12.The direction of the carbon fiber arrangement affects the heat transfer impact,and optimal outcomes were achieved when the heat flow direction was parallel to the carbon fiber.This research contributes to improving the production methods and broadening the application scenarios of composite materials.
文摘Pitch produced by the lique-faction of coal was divided into two frac-tions:soluble in toluene(TS)and insol-uble in toluene but soluble in pyridine(TI-PS),and their differences in molecu-lar structure and oxidation activity were studied.Several different carbon materi-als were produced from them by oxida-tion in air(350℃,300 mL/min)fol-lowed by carbonization(1000℃ in Ar),and the effect of the cross-linked structure on their structure and sodium storage properties was investigated.The results showed that the two pitch fractions were obviously different after the air oxidation.The TS fraction with a low degree of condensation and abundant side chains had a stronger oxidation activity and thus introduced more cross-linked oxygen-containing functional groups C(O)―O which prevented carbon layer rearrangement during the carbonization.As a result,a disordered hard carbon with more defects was formed,which improved the electrochemical performance.Therefore,the carbon materials derived from TS(O-TS-1000)had an obvious disordered structure and a larger layer spacing,giving them better sodium storage perform-ance than those derived from the TI-PS fraction(O-TI-PS-1000).The specific capacity of O-TS-1000 was about 250 mAh/g at 20 mA/g,which was 1.67 times higher than that of O-TI-PS-1000(150 mAh/g).
文摘Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode,which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems.Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity,functional flexibility,and adjustable pore structure.This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs,focusing on their structural characteristics,electrochemical behavior,and reaction mechanisms.Besides being used as air cathodes,carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.
文摘Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the requirements for applications in emerging fields such as renewable energy and electric vehicles due to limitations including a disordered structure and uncontrolled defects.With an aim of realizing devisable structures,adjustable functions,and performance breakthroughs,superstructured carbons is proposed and represent a category of carbon-based materials,characterized by precisely-built pores,networks,and interfaces.Superstructured carbons can overcome the limitations of traditional carbon materials and improve the performance of energy storage and conversion devices.We review the structure-activity relationships of superstructured carbons and recent research advances from three aspects including a precisely customized pore structure,a dense carbon network framework,and a multi-component highly coupled interface between the different components.Finally,we provide an outlook on the future development of and practical challenges in energy storage and conversion devices.
文摘Pitch is a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their non-metal derivatives that has a high carbon content.Using pitch as a precursor for carbon materials in alkali metal ion(Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+))batteries has become of great interest.However,its direct pyrolysis often leads to microstructures with a high orientation and small interlayer spacing due to uncontrolled liquid-phase carbonization,resulting in subpar electrochemical performance.It is therefore important to control the microstructures of pitch-derived carbon materials in order to improve their electrochemical properties.We evaluate the latest progress in the development of these materials using various microstructural engineering approaches,highlighting their use in metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors.The advantages and limitations of pitch molecules and their carbon derivatives are outlined,together with strategies for their modification in order to improve their properties for specific applications.Future research possibilities for structure optimization,scalable production,and waste pitch recycling are also considered.
基金Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi, India under Ramanujan award (SB/S2/RJN-159/2017)。
文摘The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face area and high porosity have been investigated. Compared to other car-bon materials, biomass-derived carbon (BC) are considered efficient and eco-friendly materials for this purpose. We summarize the recent advances in BC materials for both EMI shielding and EM wave absorption. After a brief overview of the synthesis strategies of BC materials and a precise out-line of EM wave interference, strategies for improving their EMI shielding and EM wave absorption are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and the future prospects for such materials are briefly summarized.
文摘Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density,response time,and functional integration.Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility.Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing,as well as chemical functionalization,and composite design are analyzed,and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated.The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply,real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed.Based on current progress in related fields,the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002196,12102140)。
文摘Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive environments.Consequently,components like crucibles,susceptors and wafer carriers require carbon-based materials such as graphite and carbon-carbon composites.However,traditional carbon materials underperform in these extreme conditions,failing to effectively address the challenges.This leads to issues including product contamination and shortened equipment lifespan.Therefore,effective protection of carbon materials is crucial.This paper reviews current research status on the preparation methods and properties of corrosion-resistant coatings within relevant domestic and international fields.Preparation methods include various techniques such as physical vapor deposition(PVD),chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and the sol-gel method.Furthermore,it offers perspectives on future research directions for corrosion-resistant coated components in semiconductor equipment.These include exploring novel coating materials,improving coating preparation processes,enhancing coating corrosion resistance,as well as further investigating the interfacial interactions between coatings and carbon substrates to achieve better adhesion and compatibility.
基金Project(2007BAE12B01) supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that carbon sources have almost no effect on the structure of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials. The initial discharge capacities of the Li4Ti1O12/C composite materials are slightly lower than those of as-synthesized Li4Ti5O12. However, Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials show better electrochemical rate performance than the as-synthesized Li4Ti5O12. The capacity retention （79%） of the Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials with starch as carbon source, is higher than that of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials with glucose and sucrose as carbon source at current rate of 2.0C.
文摘Petroleum asphalt,an important by-product of the petrochemical industry,has diverse applications but often suffers from low industrial added value.Because of its low cost,high carbon content,and high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content,appropriate modification can increase its value and expand its energy storage applications.Current research progress on the common preparation methods of petroleum asphalt-based carbon materials,including template-assisted pyrolysis,molten salt treatment,activation,heteroatom doping,and pre-oxidation is reviewed,and its use in supercapacitors and alkali metal ion batteries,is also elaborated.Feasible solutions for the current problems with petroleum asphalt are proposed,with the aim of providing insights into its high value-added utilization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975227)the Found of National defence Science and Technology Key Laboratory (Grant No.6142602210306)。
文摘Fe/N-based biomass porous carbon composite(Fe/N-p Carbon) was prepared by a facile high-temperature carbonization method from biomass,and the effect of Fe/N-p Carbon on the thermal decomposition of energetic molecular perovskite-based material DAP-4 was studied.Biomass porous carbonaceous materials was considered as the micro/nano support layers for in situ deposition of Fe/N precursors.Fe/Np Carbon was prepared simply by the high-temperature carbonization method.It was found that it showed the inherent catalysis properties for thermal decomposition of DAP-4.The heat release of DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon by DSC curves tested had increased slightly,compared from DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon-0.The decomposition temperature peak of DAP-4 at the presence of Fe/N-p Carbon had reduced by 79°C from384.4°C(pure DAP-4) to 305.4°C(DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon-3).The apparent activation energy of DAP-4thermal decomposition also had decreased by 29.1 J/mol.The possible catalytic decomposition mechanism of DAP-4 with Fe/N-p Carbon was proposed.
基金2023 undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Yichun University(S202310417015)。
文摘There are some inherent defects for the polyolefin based lithium battery separator,such as,poor thermal stability,poor electrolyte wettability and low porosity,which limit the development of lithium battery.An important way to improve the performance of lithium battery is to improve the separator.Here,three novel separators combined with metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)and carbon materials were prepared by using the in situ growth method and the adsorption combination method simultaneously.The result showed that compared with the polypropylene separator,the porosity and electrolyte wettability were significantly improved in view of these novel polypropylene separators combined with MOFs and carbon materials.Meanwhile,the electrochemical performance of lithium battery equipped with the polypropylene separator combined with MOFs materials and carbon materials was also improved.The result showed that lithium batteries equipped with polypropylene separator combined with MOFs and carbon materials had higher capacity in the first charge and discharge cycle and better electrochemical kinetic reaction processes.
文摘The chemical compound 3-(N-ethylamino)isobutyl)trimethoxysilane(EAMS)modified titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),producing EAMS-TiO_(2),which was encased in graphitic carbon nitride(GCN)and integrated into epoxy resin(EP).The protective properties of mild steel coated with this nanocomposite in a marine environment were assessedusing electrochemical techniques.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated thatGCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)significantly enhanced the flame retardancy of the epoxy coating,reducing peak heat release rate(PHRR)and total heat release(THR)values by 88%and 70%,respectively,compared to pure EP.Salt spray testsindicated reduced water absorption and improved corrosion resistance.The optimal concentration of 0.6 wt%GCNEAMS/TiO_(2)yielded the highest resistance,with the nanocomposite achieving a coating resistance of 7.50×10^(10)Ω·cm^(2)after 28 d in seawater.The surface resistance of EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)was over 99.9 times higher than pure EP after onehour in seawater.SECM analysis showed the lowest ferrous ion dissipation(1.0 nA)for EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)coatedsteel.FE-SEM and EDX analyses revealed improved breakdown products and a durable inert nanolayered covering.Thenanocomposite exhibited excellent water resistance(water contact angle of 167°)and strong mechanical properties,withadhesive strength increasing to 18.3 MPa after 28 d in seawater.EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO_(2)shows potential as a coatingmaterial for the shipping industry.
文摘Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity,making them suitable for high-performance applications.N-doping has been widely investigated because of its similar atom radius to carbon,high electronegativity as well as many different configurations.We summarize the preparation methods and properties of N-doped carbon materials,and discuss their possible use in sodium ion storage.The relationships between N content/configuration and crystallinity,electronic conductivity,wettability,chemical reactivity as well as sodium ion storage performance are discussed.
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.
文摘The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.
文摘Biomass-derived hard carbons,usually prepared by pyrolysis,are widely considered the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion bat-teries(SIBs)due to their high capacity,low poten-tial,sustainability,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental friendliness.The pyrolysis method affects the microstructure of the material,and ultimately its so-dium storage performance.Our previous work has shown that pyrolysis in a sealed graphite vessel im-proved the sodium storage performance of the car-bon,however the changes in its microstructure and the way this influences the sodium storage are still unclear.A series of hard carbon materials derived from corncobs(CCG-T,where T is the pyrolysis temperature)were pyrolyzed in a sealed graphite vessel at different temperatures.As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 1000 to 1400℃ small carbon domains gradually transformed into long and curved domains.At the same time,a greater number of large open pores with uniform apertures,as well as more closed pores,were formed.With the further increase of pyrolysis temperature to 1600℃,the long and curved domains became longer and straighter,and some closed pores gradually became open.CCG-1400,with abundant closed pores,had a superior SIB performance,with an initial reversible ca-pacity of 320.73 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 30 mA g^(-1),an initial Coulomb efficiency(ICE)of 84.34%,and a capacity re-tention of 96.70%after 100 cycles.This study provides a method for the precise regulation of the microcrystalline and pore structures of hard carbon materials.
基金supported by the Istanbul Technical University Office of Scientific Research Projects(ITUBAPSIS),under grant MYL-2022-43776。
文摘The design of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)revolves around the careful selection of materials that are both lightweight and robust.Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP)emerged as an ideal option for wing construction,with its mechanical qualities thoroughly investigated.In this study,we developed and optimized a conceptual UAV wing to withstand structural loads by establishing progressive composite stacking sequences,and we conducted a series of experimental characterizations on the resulting material.In the optimization phase,the objective was defined as weight reduction,while the Hashin damage criterion was established as the constraint for the optimization process.The optimization algorithm adaptively monitors regional damage criterion values,implementing necessary adjustments to facilitate the mitigation process in a cost-effective manner.Optimization of the analytical model using Simulia Abaqus~(TM)and a Python-based user-defined sub-routine resulted in a 34.7%reduction in the wing's structural weight after 45 iterative rounds.Then,the custom-developed optimization algorithm was compared with a genetic algorithm optimization.This comparison has demonstrated that,although the genetic algorithm explores numerous possibilities through hybridization,the custom-developed algorithm is more result-oriented and achieves optimization in a reduced number of steps.To validate the structural analysis,test specimens were fabricated from the wing's most critically loaded segment,utilizing the identical stacking sequence employed in the optimization studies.Rigorous mechanical testing revealed unexpectedly high compressive strength,while tensile and bending strengths fell within expected ranges.All observed failure loads remained within the established safety margins,thereby confirming the reliability of the analytical predictions.
