Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,inclu...Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.展开更多
Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity ar...Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.展开更多
Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the...Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the requirements for applications in emerging fields such as renewable energy and electric vehicles due to limitations including a disordered structure and uncontrolled defects.With an aim of realizing devisable structures,adjustable functions,and performance breakthroughs,superstructured carbons is proposed and represent a category of carbon-based materials,characterized by precisely-built pores,networks,and interfaces.Superstructured carbons can overcome the limitations of traditional carbon materials and improve the performance of energy storage and conversion devices.We review the structure-activity relationships of superstructured carbons and recent research advances from three aspects including a precisely customized pore structure,a dense carbon network framework,and a multi-component highly coupled interface between the different components.Finally,we provide an outlook on the future development of and practical challenges in energy storage and conversion devices.展开更多
In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidati...In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidation methods such as ozonation system are used to manage MnS_(2)O_(6)in the leaching solution,replacing conventional methods.To ascertain the conversion rate and kinetics of MnS_(2)O_(6)during the ozonation process,we explored the factors influencing its removal rate,including ozone dosage,manganese dithionate concentration,sulfuric acid concentration,and reaction temperature.Batch experiments were conducted to determine the reaction rate constant of ozone(k)and activation energy(Ea)obtained from intermittent experimental data fitting,revealing a least-squares exponential conversion relationship between k and the MnS_(2)O_(6)removal amount,wherein an increase in the aforementioned factors led to an enhanced MnS_(2)O_(6)conversion rate,exceeding 99.3%.The formation mechanism of the ozone products proposed during the experiment was summarized and proposed as follows:1)Mn^(2+)was directly oxidized to MnO_(2),and 2)SO_(4)2−was obtained by the catalytic oxidation of S_(2)O_(6)^(2−)with HO•from O3 decomposition.According to the kinetics analysis,the pre-exponential factor and total activation energy of the ozonation kinetics equation were 1.0×10^(23) s^(−1) and 177.28 kJ/mol,respectively.Overall,the present study demonstrates that O_(3) as an oxidizing agent can effectively facilitate MnS_(2)O_(6)disproportionation while preventing the release of the secondary pollutant,SO_(2)gas.展开更多
为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观...为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观结构以及3D打印特性等进行了表征。结果表明,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例在1∶8~6∶8(质量比,下同)范围内,随着比例增加,自由水比例降低,不易流动水比例升高,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,不易流动水比例最高,占比为2.48%。复配凝胶的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加逐渐降低,6∶8时达到最低,质地最为柔软。随着剪切速率升高,凝胶的黏度均下降,样品的G′和G″随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加也均呈升高趋势。傅里叶红外光谱结果显示,添加了明胶和马铃薯淀粉的样品在波长3295.44 cm-1处的—OH振动发生红移,氢键作用增强。随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加,复配凝胶孔径逐渐减小,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,凝胶孔隙分布呈现出最高的均匀性,打印精度最好,高度打印精确度99.60%,直径打印精确度99.92%,且在1 h内未出现明显塌陷。综上所述,明胶/马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,对大豆分离蛋白凝胶3D打印性能的改善最为显著,这为开发蛋白基3D打印油墨提供理论依据。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272039,U23B2075,51972168)Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2023085)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231406)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.
基金西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SWU-KT22030)重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202300205)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation,457444676).
文摘Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.
文摘Carbon materials are a key component in energy storage and conversion devices and their microstructure plays a crucial role in determining device performance.However,traditional carbon materials are unable to meet the requirements for applications in emerging fields such as renewable energy and electric vehicles due to limitations including a disordered structure and uncontrolled defects.With an aim of realizing devisable structures,adjustable functions,and performance breakthroughs,superstructured carbons is proposed and represent a category of carbon-based materials,characterized by precisely-built pores,networks,and interfaces.Superstructured carbons can overcome the limitations of traditional carbon materials and improve the performance of energy storage and conversion devices.We review the structure-activity relationships of superstructured carbons and recent research advances from three aspects including a precisely customized pore structure,a dense carbon network framework,and a multi-component highly coupled interface between the different components.Finally,we provide an outlook on the future development of and practical challenges in energy storage and conversion devices.
基金Project(2022M710619)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2020YFH0213,2020YFG0039)supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China+1 种基金Projects(XJ2024001501,KCXTD2023-4)supported by the Basic Scientific Foundation and Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal UniversityProject(CSPC202403)supported by the Open Project Program of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,China。
文摘In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidation methods such as ozonation system are used to manage MnS_(2)O_(6)in the leaching solution,replacing conventional methods.To ascertain the conversion rate and kinetics of MnS_(2)O_(6)during the ozonation process,we explored the factors influencing its removal rate,including ozone dosage,manganese dithionate concentration,sulfuric acid concentration,and reaction temperature.Batch experiments were conducted to determine the reaction rate constant of ozone(k)and activation energy(Ea)obtained from intermittent experimental data fitting,revealing a least-squares exponential conversion relationship between k and the MnS_(2)O_(6)removal amount,wherein an increase in the aforementioned factors led to an enhanced MnS_(2)O_(6)conversion rate,exceeding 99.3%.The formation mechanism of the ozone products proposed during the experiment was summarized and proposed as follows:1)Mn^(2+)was directly oxidized to MnO_(2),and 2)SO_(4)2−was obtained by the catalytic oxidation of S_(2)O_(6)^(2−)with HO•from O3 decomposition.According to the kinetics analysis,the pre-exponential factor and total activation energy of the ozonation kinetics equation were 1.0×10^(23) s^(−1) and 177.28 kJ/mol,respectively.Overall,the present study demonstrates that O_(3) as an oxidizing agent can effectively facilitate MnS_(2)O_(6)disproportionation while preventing the release of the secondary pollutant,SO_(2)gas.
文摘为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观结构以及3D打印特性等进行了表征。结果表明,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例在1∶8~6∶8(质量比,下同)范围内,随着比例增加,自由水比例降低,不易流动水比例升高,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,不易流动水比例最高,占比为2.48%。复配凝胶的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加逐渐降低,6∶8时达到最低,质地最为柔软。随着剪切速率升高,凝胶的黏度均下降,样品的G′和G″随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加也均呈升高趋势。傅里叶红外光谱结果显示,添加了明胶和马铃薯淀粉的样品在波长3295.44 cm-1处的—OH振动发生红移,氢键作用增强。随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加,复配凝胶孔径逐渐减小,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,凝胶孔隙分布呈现出最高的均匀性,打印精度最好,高度打印精确度99.60%,直径打印精确度99.92%,且在1 h内未出现明显塌陷。综上所述,明胶/马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,对大豆分离蛋白凝胶3D打印性能的改善最为显著,这为开发蛋白基3D打印油墨提供理论依据。
